All the fruit tree bonsai cultivation techniques are taught to you, easily master bonsai knowledge
Fruit tree bonsai has both the characteristics of fruit and fruit. It not only lets people appreciate the shape, but also lets people eat the fruit; with fruit pairing, fruit molding, and fruit, it can be called a good plant for the home. Fruit tree bonsai four times a year has no elegant value; in spring the flowers are small, in summer the branches are lush, in spring the fruit is abundant, in summer it stands firm, and the flavor is rich. Our country's fruit trees are very rich. Various wild fruit trees and their rootstocks can be used in mountainous areas, and bonsai with exotic characteristics can also be developed according to local conditions. Fruit tree varieties are single, seeds can be collected on the spot, production is easy, handling is easy, and investment is low.
1. Container selection and soil preparation
Potted fruit tree containers are mainly round, which is beneficial to the even development of the root system. In addition, the container needs water permeability and air permeability to ensure the root system's need for expanded oxygen demand and avoid root rot caused by accumulated water in the container. Among them, vegetarian potted pots are the most suitable fruit trees for growing bonsai. The pH value of potted fruit tree potting soil is 4.5-7.5. According to the requirements of incompatible species, soil that is not suitable for equipment and rich in inorganic nutrients is best as sandy loam rich in humus. The commonly used equipment and soil are 4 parts mature soil, 2 parts sand, 1 part ash. Potting soil should be sterilized before application, and can be cooked, disinfected, baked, or sterilized.
2. Grafting
There are 2 popular grafting methods: one is splice grafting. Within 1 month, select branches chosen from summer as scions, and choose grafts that are not alive or other dwarf and strong rootstocks as rootstocks. The smooth and fine middle part of the rootstock is cut with a knife, 3-4 cm deep, the side of the scion (branch group) is slanted into a 2-3 cm long smooth plane, the rootstock is pulled out to aim at the compound layer, and then tied tightly with plastic C tape and rope from bottom to bottom, then take a pot or ground for 1 year. The soil is buried through the interface to keep moisture. The second is root connection. Around Qingming, choose rootstocks with strong resistance and strong resistance. They are scions formed from old rough stumps or good branches, inserted into 2-4 rootstocks.
3. Fertilizer and water management
Because the root system of fruit trees can only obtain nutrients from the pot, the nutrients in the potting soil alone cannot meet the needs of fruit tree development, so attention must be paid to fertilizer in fruit trees for a long time. Base fertilizer is mainly inorganic fertilizer, and fertilizer should be used properly. Apply nitrogen fertilizer 1 time before flowering, pour more than 1 kg/plant of phosphate fertilizer, and pour about 1 kg/plant of fertilizer. Fertilize with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea, once every 15 d and 3-4 times, and apply potassium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 d before harvest. After each topdressing, water should be given 1 time, and 1 thorough watering should be poured to help the root system spread. It cannot be too wet; during the dormant period, we should strictly control and water the plants, not the soil.
4。
According to the characteristics of fruit tree types and varieties, fruit tree bonsai can be shaped into various natural forms such as round head, pagoda shape, double-branch antler, three-cup shape, weeping willow, and dragon shape. In afforestation, there must not only be the benefits of potted fruit trees, but also indecent value. On the basis of promoting flower promotion, establish short-pruning shaping and pruning techniques, including bud breaking, branch picking, branch holding, branch pruning, ring cutting, retraction, branch pulling, etc. You can also draw branch angles and shrubs, cut long branches, dense branches, effective branches, etc., to strengthen lighting. In order to improve the aging of the bonsai, you can use a grafting knife to carve several curves on the trunk. At the beginning of the season, wires can be wrapped around the branches of the fruit tree to form the desired tree. In addition, drugs can also be used to dwarf the tree body; for example, in fruit tree pots for a long time (summer), foliar spraying with plant expansion retardants (such as paclobutrazol, B9, dwarfing, etc.) 2-3 times can make the branches weaker, the internodes short, and the plant dwarfed. In addition, the fruit size of fruit tree bonsai is moderate. The potted flowers of fruit trees are too large and not suitable for New Year's Eve. It should be at the bud stage, perhaps at the fruit drop stage. If there are few flower buds, more buds can be kept, and artificial pollination can be included to increase the amount of hanging fruit.
5。
One is to invert the pot. Because the nutrients in the soil will be washed away by the fruit trees, or because of frequent watering, it must be inverted once every 2-3 years to replace with new nutrient soil. After the old soil trailer is thrown out of the pot, the old roots 2 to 3 cm thick outside the barrel are cut off. At the top of the bowl, mix inorganic fertilizer with nutrient soil and fill it into the bottom. Then, put the soil in the pot and fill the pot soil full of fertilizer. The second is the prevention and control of pests and diseases. In the prevention and control of potted fruit tree pests and diseases, the rope size should be based on prevention and mainly prevention. At the beginning of the season, every 20-30 d, 70% methyl BuZasoto wettable powder, or 500 times 65% mannitol wettable powder, 500 times for disease, 1800 times 2.5% aphid and 20% white mite, and 2000 times white mite. The third is overwintering. In areas where summer does not cause freezing damage, it is common not to overwinter indoors, allowing them to sleep naturally in winter. In order to cover fruit tree bonsai in winter, you can also water 1 time before the soil freezes, then wrap the entire container in a straw bag to protect against cold, and the pot can be buried in the soil to keep cold. In the summer monsoon area, we should also look for windbreaks and build windbreaks on the windward side of the nursery.