What are the types of poisonous mushrooms? A guide to common poisonous mushrooms
It is the season for eating wild mushrooms again, but eating wild mushrooms is also dangerous. In recent years, incidents of poisoning from eating wild mushrooms have often occurred in our country. It is understood that more than 400 kinds of poisonous mushrooms have been discovered in our country so far, of which at least more than 30 kinds can cause death. The toxicity of poisonous mushrooms is extremely strong. Among common umbrella-shaped wild mushrooms, about 1/4 are poisonous mushrooms, and among poisonous mushrooms, about 1/10 are extremely poisonous mushrooms. Below, the editor will introduce 10 common poisonous mushrooms for everyone. Let us learn about them together.
1. Death Cap
The death cap is considered the most poisonous mushroom in the world. It contains two toxins, phallotoxin and amanitin, and eating just 30 milligrams is enough to kill a person. The death cap is a highly poisonous basidiomycete fungus. Globally, this seemingly innocent fungus is the culprit in most mushroom-related deaths.
2. Destroying Angel
The destroying angel is a fungus containing a lethal toxin. Its scientific name is Amanita bisporigera. It is generally distributed in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests from the eastern and southern United States to Mexico. The mushroom has a smooth white cap with a diameter that can reach 10 cm, a stem 8-14 cm long and 2-5 cm thick, and a relatively thick sac-like volva.
3. Sky Blue Mushroom
The sky blue mushroom, scientific name Entoloma hochstetteri, is a fungus of the genus Entoloma in the family Entolomataceae. It is a mushroom that can be seen in New Zealand and India, and its entire body is a vivid blue. It is mainly distributed in forests on the North Island and the west of the South Island of New Zealand, growing in moist soil, especially in leaf litter and moss in broad-leaved forests and Podocarpus forests.
4. Bleeding Tooth Fungus
The bleeding tooth fungus, also called "devil's tooth" or "strawberry and cream," is a type of mushroom. It is very common in pine forests along the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States and in Central Europe. The bright red liquid on the cap is liquid seeping from its own pores.
5. False Morel
The false morel, also known as Gyromitra esculenta or the beefsteak mushroom, is a false morel under the genus Gyromitra, distributed in Europe and North America. Eating untreated false morels can be fatal. Symptoms of poisoning include vomiting and diarrhea a few hours after eating, followed by dizziness, drowsiness, and headache. Severe cases can lead to delirium and coma, and death may occur after 5-7 days.
6. Death Cap Amanita
The death cap amanita is a highly poisonous basidiomycete fungus and a member of the genus Amanita. It is widely distributed in Europe and lives symbiotically with deciduous trees in the form of mycorrhizae. The cap is generally green, and it has a white stem and white gills.
7. Fly Agaric
The fly agaric, also known as Amanita muscaria, is a highly poisonous fungus that acts on the nerves. It has several subspecies, which respectively appear yellow, brown, pink, and so on. Each subspecies has a different cap color, such as yellow, brown, pink, and so on.
8. Ghost Fungus
The ghost fungus is a very rare fungus. It is also called "glowing mushroom," and also "ant street lamp." It emits a faint green ghost-fire-like glow in the dark. At night, the glowing mushroom looks very much like a jellyfish, so some people also call it the green land jellyfish. The base of tree trunks, fallen branches, piled leaves, and moist soil provide an excellent growing environment for this mushroom.
9. Devil's Cigar
Devil's cigar is one of the rarest mushrooms in the world, and it is also called the "Texas star." Normally, its cap is dark brown and cigar-shaped. When it splits open to release spores, it becomes a yellowish-brown star. It is also one of the few known fungi that make a strange whistling sound when releasing spores.
10. Giant Puffball
The giant puffball is easy to identify. A typical specimen is about the size of a soccer ball, though not as round. However, it may be much larger than a soccer ball, and its shape is more like a mass than a ball. But it can never look like an upside-down pear, because it lacks the sterile basal part common to other puffballs.
The above are the ten poisonous mushroom varieties introduced by the editor. Whether wild mushrooms are poisonous is difficult for the public to identify, and poisoning often occurs because families eat them by mistake. Poisoning mostly occurs in the rainy season when wild poisonous mushrooms grow, and cases are mostly sporadic. Everyone must pay attention and avoid eating them by mistake.
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