Introduction to Excellent Pear Varieties: Oriental Pear Series and Western Pear Series

Pears are a common fruit with an especially high water content. Eating them can relieve autumn dryness and prevent internal heat, and many people enjoy eating them. There are many pear varieties on the market, and they differ greatly in size and skin color alone. Below is an introduction to several excellent pear varieties.

1. Ussuri Pear

The Ussuri pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) has small fruit, mostly round or oblate, yellow-green, with some showing a pale red blush on the sunny side; the calyx persists, the fruit stalk is extremely short, and the flesh has well-developed stone cells, so it generally needs to be ripened after harvest before it can be eaten. It is highly cold-hardy and drought-tolerant. Among this species, Jingbai pear and Nanguo pear are the two varieties with the best quality.

2. White Pear

The white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) has oblong or gourd-shaped fruit, yellow-green, with a long fruit stalk; the calyx segments fall off, or occasionally persist; there are 4-5 seed chambers and few stone cells, so it can be eaten without post-harvest ripening. The fruit stores fairly well, blooms early, and is less cold-hardy than the Ussuri pear, making it suitable for cultivation in cool, dry climates. Excellent varieties include Yali pear, Chuli pear, Xuehua pear, Suli pear, and Jinchuan Xue pear.

3. Sand Pear

The sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) has round fruit, sometimes oblong or ovate; the skin is mostly russet-brown, though some are green; the calyx segments mostly fall off; the fruit stalk is long; there are relatively many stone cells and 4-5 seed chambers, mostly 5. The fruit can be eaten without post-harvest ripening, but its storage performance is relatively poor. Representative varieties include Cangxi pear, Weining Dahuang pear, Kosui, Hosui, and Shinseiki.

4. Xinjiang Pear

The Xinjiang pear has relatively small fruit, ovate to obovate; the calyx segments are upright and persistent; there are 5 seed chambers; the core is large and the fruit stalk is especially long. The fruit can be eaten once ripe. It is extremely cold-hardy and drought-resistant. Cultivated varieties include Korla Fragrant pear, Changba pear, Amute pear, and Guide sweet pear.

5. Western Pear

The Western pear (Pyrus communis) has urn-shaped or obovate fruit, with yellow-green skin and russet spots; the fruit stalk is thick and short, and the calyx segments mostly persist. The fruit needs post-harvest ripening before it can be eaten. The flesh is soft and juicy, sweet and aromatic, and does not store well. The Western pear prefers a cool, dry climate. It is cultivated in small amounts in North China, Northwest China, Dalian, Qingdao and other places, and performs fairly well in the cool, dry mountainous areas of Guizhou and western Sichuan, while it is generally less cultivated in other parts of our country.

6. Birchleaf Pear

The birchleaf pear (Pyrus betulifolia) grows wild in North China and Northwest China, and is especially more widely distributed in provinces such as Henan and Liaoning. Its fruit is even smaller than that of the callery pear, nearly round, gray-brown or dark brown; the calyx falls off, and there are 2-3 seed chambers.

7. Yunnan Pear

The Yunnan pear (Pyrus pseudopashia) grows wild in provinces such as Yunnan and Guizhou. It is a small tree or shrub, similar in external morphology to the Sichuan pear, but its leaves are larger than those of the Sichuan pear, the calyx segments persist, and there are 3-4 seed chambers.

8. Wood Pear

The wood pear (Pyrus xerophila) is distributed in provinces (autonomous regions) such as Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Ningxia, and Qinghai. It has strong resistance to drought, cold, alkali, and pear rust, and is a major pear rootstock. It is a tree; the fruit is round or elliptical, brown; the calyx persists, and there are 4-5 seed chambers.

9. Apricot-leaved Pear

The apricot-leaved pear (Pyrus armeniacaefolia) grows wild in Yining, Xinjiang. It is a tree; the fruit is nearly high-oblate, with slightly narrow shoulders, light green; the calyx persists, and there are 5 seed chambers. The flesh is white, with many stone cells; when ripe the flesh softens, tastes sour, and has a slight aroma. The fruit is small and of poor quality. It is used as a rootstock.

The above is an introduction to excellent cultivated varieties of the Oriental pear series and the Western pear series. I believe many people have never seen these varieties, because some pears have particular requirements for environment and climate, so everyone should pay attention to their growth habits when planting them.

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