Rice Variety Introductions and Cultivation Methods for Improving Quality
Food is the first necessity of the people, and rice is the food source we depend on for survival, having basically taken up half of China's landscape. Rice cultivation is very widely distributed, and there are also many varieties, such as the recently developed seawater rice, which is a very distinctive rice, and bamboo rice, which has a bamboo aroma and strong lodging resistance and has already begun to be planted in many places. Next, let's take a look at which rice varieties there are and the cultivation methods for improving rice quality.
I. Which rice varieties are there?
1. Xiangzaoxian No. 45
Characteristics: Xiangzaoxian No. 45 is an early indica rice variety, with a growth period of about 106 days, a plant height of 80-85 cm, thick and straight leaves, a moderate plant type, and thick yet elastic stems with good color that do not fall over.
Production performance: The average yield per mu is 504.9 kg.
Suitable range: Suitable for double-season early rice cultivation in the rice blast light areas of Hunan Province, with a promoted area that has reached 7.74 million mu.
2. Lianjing No. 11
Features: Lianjing No. 11 is a medium-maturity medium indica rice variety. Its advantages are excellent comprehensive traits, high yield, good milling, thick stems, high yield, strong tillering ability, strong adaptability, and resistance to stripe disease and black-streaked dwarf disease.
Production performance: The average yield per mu is 649.48 kg.
Suitable range: Suitable for cultivation in the Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province, with a promoted area of 7.23 million mu.
3. Longjing 43
Characteristics: In the adaptation area, Longjing 43 takes about 130 days from maturity to fertilization. The main stem of this variety has 11 leaves, is oval-shaped, with a plant height of about 89 cm, a panicle length of about 14.4 cm, about 104 grains per panicle, and a 1000-grain weight of 25.6 g.
Production performance: The average yield per hectare is 8165.2 kg.
Suitable range: Suitable for cultivation in the third accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province, with a promoted area that has reached 7.92 million mu.
II. Cultivation Methods for Improving Rice Quality
1. Sowing time
When planting high-quality rice varieties, it is generally recommended to sow at the appropriate time, because the optimal temperature for the quality formation of high-quality indica rice is 21-25°C, and japonica rice is also about the same temperature, especially within 20 days after full heading, when temperature has a great impact on rice quality. Generally, high-quality rice varieties require seedling raising and transplanting within a specified time, so that rice heading and grain filling avoid the high-temperature period for breaking the sheath. Therefore, growing high-quality rice also requires much attention.
2. Water and fertilizer management
To grow high-quality rice, it is generally recommended to make some adjustments in fertilization, generally using less quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer such as urea and increasing the application of silicon and potassium fertilizer. Some high-quality rice varieties are also nitrogen-efficient and fertilizer-tolerant, so the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be adjusted according to the variety. The key to lodging-resistant cultivation is to use good silicon fertilizer together with a dwarfing and internode-shortening regulator. Drying the field at the appropriate time can control ineffective tillering, make the rice root system stronger, and promote robust growth; in the later stage of rice growth, focus on spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide, and so on, and after full heading adopt alternating wet and dry irrigation to promote rice grain filling and full grains.
3. Scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases
For rice, the key prevention and control targets are the "three insects and three diseases." This year, the occurrence of two migratory pests in various places has been more severe than in previous years, and the resistance of the striped stem borer in the Jiangxi area is relatively strong, but at our planting base, a unified control plan is adopted, and almost no leaf roller damage is seen in the field, with striped stem borer damage occurring only sporadically.
Based on past experience and lessons, for diseases such as rice blast and rice false smut, medication must be used promptly and accurately for prevention and control. Before the panicle stage, measures can be taken according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, but pests and diseases before and after heading must be emphasized for prevention, so as to keep the losses caused by pests and diseases to a minimum, thereby ensuring that high-quality rice can safely achieve high yield and relatively good quality.
4. Improving lodging resistance
In improving the lodging resistance of high-quality rice, attention should be paid to combining agronomic measures with the management measures of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. On the basis of field drying, apply the high-quality rice lodging-prevention micro-fertilizer silicon-zinc fertilizer and use pesticides that promote rice growth.
In summary, if everyone wants to grow high-quality rice, variety selection is of course very important. It not only has a great impact on cultivation, but the choice of variety also directly determines quality and yield. I hope this article can help everyone.
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