What are the three-line hybrid rice varieties? Detailed introduction to common varieties
The breeding of three-line rice can be said to be the truly pioneering beginning of the utilization of rice heterosis in China. As early as 1973, Yuan Longping's team cultivated the strong-heterosis combination "Nanyou No. 2". At the same time, the "three lines" of China's wild-abortive indica hybrid rice were fully matched, and several strong-heterosis combinations were selected and paired, which led to the second revolution in rice breeding and production in China. So what three-line rice varieties are there? Let's take a look together.
1. Xianyou Duoxi No. 1
The whole growth period of the variety Xianyou Duoxi No. 1 is 145-156 days, with 150,000-180,000 effective panicles per mu, a seed-setting rate of 88.7%, and good eating quality; it is highly resistant to rice blast, moderately susceptible to sheath blight, tolerant to cold at the seedling stage, vigorous in growth, good in late-stage maturity color, not prone to premature senescence, and strong in ratooning ability. In 1993 and 1994, it participated in the national indica hybrid rice regional trials, with yields of 8,396 kg and 9,056 kg per hectare respectively, increasing yield by 4.3% and 3.5% compared with Xianyou 63. After that, it began to be comprehensively promoted in the southwestern region, and at that time the planting area reached more than 19 million mu.
2. Wuyou 308
Wuyou 308 is currently the most widely planted late indica early-maturing hybrid rice variety in China. The average whole growth period is 112.2 days, 1.7 days longer than the control Jinyou 207, with a plant height of 99.6 cm, a panicle length of 21.7 cm, 157.3 total grains per panicle, a seed-setting rate of 73.3%, and a 1,000-grain weight of 23.6 g. In 2006, Wuyou 308 participated in the regional trial of the early-maturing late indica group in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with an average yield of 512.0 kg per mu, increasing yield by 9.48% compared with the control Jinyou 207. It can be said that the yield performance at that time was extremely remarkable.
3. Shanyou 63
Shanyou 63 can be said to be a star among hybrid rice, able to resist severe rice blast. This is the trump card of "Shanyou 63", which solved the fatal defect of poor rice blast resistance in the first generation of hybrid rice. Moreover, it combines many advantages such as excellent quality and strong adaptability. In 1986, "Shanyou 63" became the variety with the largest sown area of hybrid rice nationwide, and remained firmly in first place for the following 16 consecutive years.
4. Tianyou Huazhan
Tianyou Huazhan has been promoted for ten years. Whether in high temperatures, low temperatures, disaster years, or bumper years, Tianyou Huazhan has always maintained outstanding comprehensive performance, and with its exceptional advantages has become a brilliant pearl among current Chinese hybrid rice varieties. After being tested by rice blast for many years from 2008 to 2017, Tianyou Huazhan showed strong resistance to rice blast and became a model of high yield, stable yield, and high resistance in rice.
Of course, in addition to the above varieties, three-line rice also includes 22 varieties including Shanyou 64, D You 63, Gangyou 22, Boyou 64, and so on, and these varieties all reflect the history of rice development and planting in China.
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