Where is the most authentic place of origin for adzuki beans? A full analysis of common varieties
Adzuki bean, anciently named da, xiaoshu, chishu, etc.; also known as xiaodou, chidou, chixiaodou, wusedou, midou, fandou, originated in China and has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. Adzuki bean has a laxative and diuretic effect, and is effective for heart disease and kidney disease. Eating an appropriate amount of adzuki bean every day can purify the blood and relieve heart fatigue. So where is the most authentic place of origin for adzuki beans? What common varieties are there?
1. The most authentic place of origin for adzuki beans
Worldwide, adzuki beans have the largest area in Asia, and are also produced in Africa, Europe and the Americas. About 24 countries around the world grow adzuki beans. Apart from China, which has the largest production area, Japan, Korea, South Korea, Australia, Thailand, India, Myanmar, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Colombia, New Zealand and the Far East region of the former Soviet Union, as well as countries such as Zaire and Angola, all have a certain production area.
In China, adzuki beans are mainly distributed in North China, Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, with larger planting areas in Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and the three northeastern provinces, followed by Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu and Taiwan, China and other provinces; the remaining provinces, municipalities and regions have smaller or scattered planting areas.
2. Common varieties of adzuki beans
1. Jingnong No. 5 adzuki bean
Early-maturing and high-yielding, suitable for (around June 25) or intercropping with young fruit trees (after June 1), growth period 90-95 days, production field yield on medium-fertility plots is 2250 kg/hectare, large grain and high quality. The 100-grain weight is about 14 grams, belonging to the large-grain type; mature pod color is brown, grain color is bright red, with a brilliant luster, resistant to rust, tolerant to powdery mildew.
2. Bao 9326-16 adzuki bean
Bao 9326-16 has an upright, compact plant type, well-developed root system, and dark green leaves, suitable for planting in medium-to-high water and fertilizer land. Plant height 67.4 cm, main stem branches 5.3, main stem node number 13.1 nodes, pods per plant 40.4, grains per pod 5.8, 100-grain weight 18.6 grams, belonging to the large-grain variety, crude protein content of grains 25.85%, crude starch content 51.09%. The grain color is bright, lustrous, and has good commercial traits. The growth period is 84 days, without delaying the timely sowing of wheat. Through many years of experimental demonstration and observation, Bao 9326-16 is drought-resistant, waterlogging-tolerant, disease-tolerant, and tolerant to continuous cropping.
3. Longken adzuki bean
The growth period of this variety is 85-90 days, active accumulated temperature 1800-1900°C, 12 days earlier maturing than Binxiaodou No. 2, plant height 56 cm, thick stem, strong stalk, dark green leaves, convergent plant type, more branches, heart-shaped leaves, pale yellow flowers. The seed grain is red, large, 100-grain weight 15-17 grams, resistant to diseases and insect pests. It matures uniformly and does not shatter pods.
4. Liaohong adzuki bean No. 5
Plant height 123 cm, semi-upright plant type, sub-limited pod-setting habit. The grain is long cylindrical, purple-red in color, lustrous, large and uniform, 100-grain weight about 11 grams, with characteristics such as disease resistance, barren tolerance, and relatively good comprehensive agronomic traits. It contains 22% protein, 2% fat, 65% carbohydrates, and also contains a variety of vitamins.
5. Baihong No. 5 adzuki bean
The grain is short cylindrical, the seed coat is red, thin, and lustrous, 100-grain weight 11.6 grams. The plant is semi-upright, with an indeterminate pod-setting habit, plant height 66.8 cm, branches 2.6, pods per plant 22.6, pod length 8.3 cm, grains per pod 6.8. According to field natural disease investigation, it is resistant to viral disease and downy mildew. The crude protein content of grains is 23.6%.
6. Ehong adzuki bean No. 1
Ehongdou No. 1 is a short-stalk, large-grain, high-yield variety. Under summer sowing conditions, plant height 72 cm, branch number 5.6, pod-setting height 42 cm, main stem 17 nodes, young stem purple, primary leaves lanceolate, leaves round, upright growth habit, limited pod-setting, mature pod angle brown, pod length 7.8 cm, pod thickness 0.75 cm, pod straight, grain short cylindrical, seed coat dark red, cotyledon pale yellow, pods per plant 29, grains per pod 7.6, 1000-grain weight 186.1 g, belonging to the many-pod extra-large-grain type variety.
7. Jihong 9218 adzuki bean
Jihong 9218 has a well-developed root system, relatively deep main root, relatively large leaves, dark green broad-round shape, relatively hard stem, yellow flowers, and yellow-white pods. In the summer sowing area, the plant type is upright and lodging-resistant, plant height about 50 cm, growth period about 85 days, an early-maturing variety. In the spring sowing area, the suitable region's growth period is about 115 days, plant height about 55 cm. The main stem node number is 13.5, branches per plant 3.2, pod length 8.1 cm, grains per pod 5.6, pods per plant 23.8, 100-grain weight 15.9 grams, a large-grain variety.
The above is an introduction to the most authentic place of origin and varieties of adzuki beans. Adzuki bean is known as the "red pearl" among grains. It is not only a nutritious fine product for regulating people's lives, but also one of the important raw materials for the food and beverage processing industry, with relatively high nutritional value and health-care effects.
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