Which varieties of European pear are suitable for cultivation in the north?

The European pear is one of the two major cultivated types of pears in the world, famous worldwide for its excellent fruit quality and delicious flavor. Some of its varieties also possess outstanding traits such as early fruit maturity, bright fruit color, fruit rich in vitamin C, drought resistance, resistance to black spot disease, and resistance to pear psylla, giving them extremely high production and breeding value. The European pear has a long history of cultivation in the north, so which European pear varieties are suitable for cultivation in the north?

1. Three-Season Pear, a French variety

The fruit is long gourd-shaped, large, with an average single fruit weight of 323.2 grams, a vertical diameter of 11.7 cm, and a horizontal diameter of 8.0 cm. The skin is yellow-green. The fruit stalk is 2 cm long, thick, and fleshy near the fruit. The stalk cavity is shallow. The sepals are persistent and closed. The calyx cavity is shallow and broad. The flesh is white, softens after ripening, is juicy, sweet with a slight aroma, and has a soluble solids content of 12.7%. The fruit matures in early August. In the Beijing area, it can bloom 3 times and bear fruit 3 times each year. The tree vigor is moderate, with strong adaptability, drought resistance, and high and stable yields.

2. Maria, an Italian variety

Introduced by top grafting in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2001. The fruit is thick-necked gourd-shaped, large, with an average single fruit weight of 201.9 grams, a vertical diameter of 9.9 cm, and a horizontal diameter of 6.6 cm. The skin is yellow-green, with a red blush on the sunny side, and smooth. The fruit stalk is 3.6 cm long, of medium thickness. The stalk cavity is absent or shallow. The sepals are persistent and closed. The calyx cavity is shallow and broad or absent. The flesh is white, softens after ripening, is juicy, sweet with a slight aroma, and pleasantly sweet and tasty. The fruit matures in mid-August. The tree vigor is moderate, with many branches, early fruiting, and high yield. Because it was introduced relatively recently, its adaptability still requires continued observation.

3. Early Red Comice, an English variety

Planted in Daxing District, Beijing. The fruit is thick-necked gourd-shaped, medium-large, with an average single fruit weight of 190 grams. The skin is purple-red and relatively smooth. The fruit stalk is thick and short. The stalk cavity is small and shallow. The sepals are persistent and closed. The calyx cavity is shallow and medium-broad. The flesh is white, softens after ripening, is juicy, aromatic, with a sweet-tart flavor, and of superior quality. The fruit matures in late August. The tree vigor is moderate, with early fruiting and high yield.

4. Red Bartlett, an American variety

It is a red bud sport of Bartlett. Introduced in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 1996. The fruit is thick-necked gourd-shaped, large, with an average single fruit weight of 207.5 grams, a vertical diameter of 10.1 cm, and a horizontal diameter of 6.9 cm. The skin is brownish-red, and the fruit surface is uneven. The fruit dots are small and dense. The fruit stalk is thick, 2.8 cm long. The flesh is white, with a soluble solids content of 14.6%. About 7 days after harvest, it ripens and softens, the flesh melts in the mouth, and the flavor is richly sweet, of superior quality. The fruit matures in early September. The tree vigor is strong and vigorous, with strong bud-breaking and branching ability. Young trees have an upright posture and spread after fruiting. It mainly bears fruit on medium and short fruit branches and has the ability to set fruit parthenocarpically. It flowers and fruits early, is high-yielding, and enters the initial fruiting stage 4 years after planting. Top-grafted trees bear fruit in the 3rd year.

5. Abate Fetel, originally from France

Introduced by top grafting from Italy in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2001. The fruit shape is unique, slender gourd-shaped, large, with an average single fruit weight of 274.9 grams, a vertical diameter of 14.8 cm, and a horizontal diameter of 7.3 cm. The skin is yellow-green, with a red blush on the sunny side, thick, and relatively smooth. The fruit stalk is 3.2 cm long, of medium thickness. The stalk cavity is absent, with russet spots. The sepals are persistent. The calyx cavity is shallow. The flesh is white, becoming melting after ripening, very juicy, sweet, with a delicate fragrance, a small core, and a soluble solids content of 13.1%, of superior quality. The fruit matures in early September. The tree vigor is moderate, mainly bearing fruit on short fruit branches, with few branches and early fruiting. It has strong disease resistance.

6. Conference, an English variety

One of the best-performing European pear varieties in the Beijing area, with large trees over 20 years old preserved. The fruit is slender-necked gourd-shaped, large, with an average single fruit weight of 255.4 grams, a vertical diameter of 11.6 cm, and a horizontal diameter of 7.9 cm. The skin is green-yellow, with a pale red blush on the sunny side. The fruit surface is smooth and glossy. The fruit stalk is 5.3 cm long, of medium thickness, and enlarged where it connects to the flesh. There is no stalk cavity, but there is a lip-shaped protrusion. The sepals are persistent, upright, and half-open. The calyx cavity is shallow and broad, with wrinkled skin. The flesh is white, fine in texture, firm, becoming soft after ripening, very juicy, sweet, aromatic, with a relatively small core and a soluble solids content of 14.2%, of extremely superior quality. The fruit matures in mid-September. The plant vigor is moderate, with strong bud-breaking ability, and top-grafted trees begin bearing fruit in the 3rd year. The fruit-setting rate with parthenocarpic pollination is high, with high and stable yields.

In fact, most friends may not have tried many European pear varieties, but indeed, as people's living standards improve, many people have begun to pay attention to them.

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