What are the common varieties of adzuki bean? An overview of their growing areas in Yunnan
The adzuki bean is known as the "red pearl" of grains. It is both a nutritious delicacy that enriches people's daily diet and one of the important raw materials for the food and beverage processing industry. Worldwide, the adzuki bean is grown on the largest area in Asia, and it is also produced in Africa, Europe and the Americas. In China, it is mainly distributed in North China, Northeast China, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. So what common varieties of adzuki bean are there? In which areas of Yunnan are adzuki bean growing areas distributed?
1. Common varieties of adzuki bean
1. Jihong No. 7
The seed is short-cylindrical in shape, with a thin, glossy seed coat, light red in color, and a 100-seed weight of 13 g. It has a determinate podding habit, green young stems, a plant height of 70-80 cm, 3 branches per plant, 20-30 pods, 7 seeds per pod, and a pod length of 7.5 cm. It takes about 108 days from emergence to maturity. About 100,000-150,000 plants are kept per hectare. The average yield per hectare is 1,700 kg.
2. Liaohong Adzuki Bean No. 8
This variety was bred by the Institute of Cash Crops of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It once won the first prize for scientific and technological progress in Liaoyang City and passed national approval in 2016. The seed of this variety is red, of good quality, large in size with a thin coat and good taste, uniform in seed size, and good in marketability, with a 100-seed weight as high as 26.8 g. The growth period is about 100 days. The plant is upright with high yield, drought-resistant and water-saving, improves soil fertility, has wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, and is suitable for mechanical harvesting. The average yield per mu reaches 380 jin, and in high-yield fields it reaches 400 jin. It is the first-choice crop for adjusting the planting structure and is suitable for planting in the Liaoning region as well as in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Luoyang in Henan and other places.
3. Jihong No. 18 (formerly Baohong 200635-2-1)
This variety is a new adzuki bean variety independently bred by the Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety has high and stable yield, with an average yield of 145.4 kg/667 sq m in provincial regional trials. The plant height is 64.1 cm, upright and lodging-resistant; it is early-maturing, with a growth period of 96.4 days; it is large-seeded, with a 100-seed weight of 17.0 g, bright seed color, and good marketability traits; test demonstrations also show that Jihong No. 18 has good adaptability and strong disease resistance.
2. Distribution areas of adzuki bean growing areas in Yunnan
The adzuki bean is a warm-loving crop and is not tolerant of waterlogging. Yunnan adzuki beans are generally dominated by extremely late-maturing types. They grow in plains, valley bottoms, and mixed forests on hillsides at altitudes of 540-1,700 m.
The above is an introduction to the adzuki bean. Adzuki beans should not be grown continuously on the same land, because continuous cropping can worsen pests and diseases, cause weeds to flourish, lead to poor root development and fewer root nodules, and reduce yield and quality. Therefore, a plot where adzuki beans have been planted generally needs an interval of 3-4 years before they can be planted again.
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