Detailed Explanation of Common Bean Vegetable Varieties and Their Characteristics

In recent years, the market for bean vegetables has been consistently good, so many vegetable growers choose to plant bean vegetables in spring. So what are the common varieties of bean vegetables for planting? Here is a brief introduction to a few of them.

1. Oil bean

In recent years, the price of oil beans has been consistently high, and the recognized oil bean variety is General Yidianhong. General Yidianhong oil bean is a mid-early maturing vining variety with strong growth; purple flowers, green tender pods, average pod length 20 cm, pod width 2.4 cm; no fiber, mealy texture, excellent market quality, average yield up to 1600 kg per mu. This variety is disease-resistant, highly stress-tolerant, widely adaptable, does not decline early, stores and transports well, can be planted in both spring and autumn, and can be cultivated in open fields or protected cultivation.

2. Pole bean

For planting pole beans, it is recommended to choose Thai Pole Bean King. This variety performs stably, has high yield, is disease-resistant, stringless and fiberless; pods are green, round stick-shaped, with thick pod flesh, pod length over 30 cm, good market quality; plants grow vigorously with many side branches, taking about 75 days from sowing to harvesting tender pods, with a yield of 3000-4000 kg per mu. It is suitable for protected cultivation in winter and spring and open-field cultivation in autumn. The row and plant spacing for sowing is preferably 30-50 cm, with 1-2 seeds per hole.

3.Kidney bean

The kidney bean varieties commonly planted at present can be divided into two types: white kidney beans and green kidney beans. Among the white kidney bean varieties, Jiuli Bai is the one with the largest planting area. The characteristic of Jiuli Bai kidney bean is that it can flower and set pods once it has 2-3 true leaves, setting pods about 20 days earlier than other varieties; it takes 60-63 days from sowing to harvesting tender pods, with a harvest period of over half a year; pods are 26-30 cm long, pale greenish-white in color, with an average yield of 5000 kg of fresh pods per mu; it has a wide adaptability range and strong cold tolerance, disease resistance and heat tolerance, and can be cultivated both in open fields and in protected cultivation.

The other type is green kidney beans, with pods that are green or pale green. Jiuli Qing is an early-maturing variety among green kidney beans, taking about 45 days from sowing to harvest. The plant is vining, grows vigorously, has strong branching ability, sets pods on both the main vine and side branches, with a very high continuous pod-setting rate; pods are green, 25-28 cm long, straight, thick and round, with good market quality. Under protected cultivation, the yield per mu is over 6000 kg; it has strong low-temperature tolerance and is highly resistant to anthracnose, rust and blight and other diseases.

Among green kidney beans, the wide flat type kidney beans also have a very large planting area. Among these, the better-performing varieties include Shuangguan Wang, Holland Green Sword, etc. The Shuangguan Wang variety has pods about 40 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, with many repeat pods, low-temperature tolerance, fast growth speed, buds at every node, and vigorous reproductive growth, suitable for greenhouse and arch shed planting in northern regions.

4. Cowpea (long yardlong bean)

There are many kinds of cowpea varieties. By seed color, they can be divided into red-grained, yellow-grained, white-grained and black-grained.

Currently, the largest planting area is yellow-grained green-skinned cowpea. Vegetable growers are advised to choose the Changlong No. 5 variety. This variety is mid-maturing, with vining plants and strong growth, mainly setting pods on the main vine with few branches, taking about 60 days from sowing to harvest; pods are 70-85 cm long, up to 1 m at the longest, with a yield as high as 4000 kg per mu. For red-grained cowpea, Gaoyou No. 4 is recommended. This variety is early-maturing, vining, with strong growth, relatively concentrated pod setting; pods are long round-strip shaped, 57-61 cm long; it is resistant to Fusarium wilt, has relatively strong heat and cold tolerance, and shows relatively good rust resistance in the field.

White-grained and black-grained cowpeas are currently planted in some parts of the country, but have not yet formed a large area.

5. Planting precautions

From the current situation, there are not many bean vegetable varieties suitable for greenhouse and arch shed planting in northern regions, and the yield of bean vegetables is often not high, which has a great deal to do with their planting management techniques. For example, bean vegetables tend to grow excessively in the early stage, and once they grow excessively, it is unfavorable for flower bud differentiation and will have a relatively large impact on their yield. Pole beans, cowpeas and oil beans grow more vigorously, while kidney beans grow less vigorously, so special attention should be paid to preventing excessive early growth when planting cowpeas and oil beans. Compared with oil beans and kidney beans, cowpeas have weaker resistance to continuous cropping, so cowpeas should not be planted continuously in the same field, to avoid affecting their yield.

6. How to identify whether seeds are new or old?

When identifying bean vegetable seeds, you should both look and listen. Looking means examining the seed coat, hilum and cotyledons. New seeds have a shiny seed coat, a white hilum, and yellow-white cotyledons, with the cotyledons tightly attached to the seed coat; old seeds have a dark, lusterless seed coat, a darkened hilum, and dark yellow or earthy yellow cotyledons that easily separate from the seed coat. Listening means listening to the sound the seeds make. When new seeds fall from a height, the sound is solid and crisp; when old seeds fall from a height, the sound is hollow. You can also take some bean seeds in your hand and shake them, listening to the crispness of the sound to identify their moisture content and germination rate. A crisp sound indicates low moisture content, and these are mostly old seeds that have lost their germination rate; a deep, dull, non-crisp sound indicates a good germination rate, and they can be used.

In summary, these common bean vegetables are already cultivated by many people in our country. Grower friends who are interested can choose varieties suitable for themselves according to the local climate and market conditions.

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