A Complete Guide to Flower Varieties: Get to Know All Kinds of Flowers

Flowers come in an extremely large number of types with a wide range, including not only flowering plants but also mosses and ferns. Their cultivation and application methods are also diverse. Based on the life form and ecological habits of flowering plants, there are many flower varieties. Below, the editor will introduce them.

I. Open-field flowers

These complete their entire growth process under natural conditions and do not require protected cultivation. Open-field flowers can be divided into three categories according to their life history.

1. Annual flowers

Plants that complete their life history within one growing season. That is, from sowing to flowering, fruiting and death, all is completed within one growing season. Generally sown in spring, they grow in summer and autumn, flower and fruit, then die. Therefore, annual flowers are also called spring-sown flowers. Such as garden balsam, cockscomb, zinnia, purslane, marigold, etc.

2. Biennial flowers

Flowers that complete their life history within two growing seasons. In the first year they only grow vegetative organs, and after overwintering they flower, fruit and die. These flowers are generally sown in autumn and flower in spring of the following year. Therefore, they are often called autumn-sown flowers. Such as variegated dianthus, stock, ornamental kale, cineraria, etc.

3. Perennial flowers

Those whose individual lifespan exceeds two years and can flower and fruit many times. According to morphological changes in the underground parts, they can be divided into two categories:

(1) Herbaceous perennials: those whose underground parts are normal in form and do not undergo metamorphosis. Such as peony, hosta, daylily, etc.

(2) Bulbous flowers: those whose underground parts are metamorphosed and enlarged. According to their metamorphosed shape, they are further divided into the following five major categories.

① Bulbs: underground stems are in the shape of fish scales. Those with a papery outer coat are called tunicate bulbs, such as narcissus, tulip, amaryllis. Those whose scales are not covered by an outer coat are called non-tunicate bulbs, such as lily.

② Corm: underground stems are spherical or flattened spherical, with a leathery outer coat. Such as gladiolus, freesia, etc.

③ Rhizomes: underground stems are enlarged and root-like, with obvious nodes on them, and new buds are borne at the tips of branches, such as canna, lotus, water lily, etc.

④ Tubers: underground stems are irregularly block-shaped or strip-shaped, such as calla lily, cyclamen, gloxinia, tuberose, etc.

⑤ Tuberous roots: the main underground root is enlarged and block-shaped, and the root system grows from the end of the tuberous root, such as dahlia.

4. Aquatic flowers

Flowers that grow in water or marshy land, such as water lily, lotus, etc.

5. Rock flowers

Refers to flowers with strong drought tolerance that are suitable for cultivation in rock gardens. They are often selected for use in gardens. They are generally herbaceous perennials or subshrubs with woody bases, as well as shade- and moisture-loving flowers such as ferns.

II. Greenhouse flowers

Refers to flowers native to tropical, subtropical and warm southern regions. In cold northern regions, cultivation must be carried out in greenhouses, or they need protection in greenhouses to overwinter in winter.

1. Annual and biennial flowers. Such as cineraria, calceolaria, sweet pea, etc.

2. Herbaceous perennials. Such as African daisy, clivia, etc.

3. Bulbous flowers. Such as cyclamen, amaryllis, gloxinia, calla lily, caladium, etc.

4. Orchidaceae plants are further divided according to their ecological habits into:

(1) Terrestrial orchids: such as Cymbidium goeringii, Cymbidium faberi, Cymbidium ensifolium, Cymbidium kanran, Cymbidium sinense, Cymbidium tortisepalum, etc.

(2) Epiphytic orchids: such as dendrobium, Vanda, Paphiopedilum, etc.

5. Succulent plants. Refers to plants whose stems and leaves have well-developed water-storage tissues and are thickened, fleshy and metamorphosed. This includes plants of the Cactaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae, Agavaceae and other families.

6. Ferns. According to different ornamental uses, they can be divided into the following four categories:

(1) Ferns for garden landscaping. Such as Selaginella uncinata and Alsophila spinulosa. Among them, Alsophila spinulosa, also called tree fern, is the largest fern, with a height of more than 10 m. It is an ancient group and is an endangered species in China, listed as a first-class protected plant in China. In addition, Salvinia natans and Azolla are good materials for greening water surfaces.

(2) Potted foliage ferns. Such as clubmoss, Odontosoria chinensis, centipede fern, maidenhair fern, etc. Among them, clubmoss, sword fern and iron fern are important foliage materials for cut flowers.

(3) Hanging ferns. Such as sword fern, bird's-nest fern, etc.

(4) Rock-and-stone bonsai ferns. Such as Selaginella and Gonocormus minutus. Among them, Gonocormus minutus is the smallest in form among ferns, only a few cm in size.

7. Carnivorous plants. Such as pitcher plant, Sarracenia, etc. In some cut-flower art, they are often used as materials for artistic flower arrangements.

8. Bromeliaceae plants. Such as Billbergia and bromeliads.

9. Palmae plants. Such as Chinese fan palm, rhapis, miniature coconut and other foliage flowers.

10. Flowering shrubs include poinsettia, croton, etc.

11. Aquatic flowers such as Victoria amazonica and tropical water lilies.

Planting includes transplanting and final planting. The method is the same. Final planting means not moving the plant after planting, while transplanting is a cultivation measure before final planting, changing the planting distance for the plant to suit its growth needs.

The above is an introduction to flower varieties. Flowers have relatively wide uses, and in daily life, more and more people like to cultivate flowers. Different flowers have different biological characteristics, and their requirements for environmental conditions such as light, temperature and moisture are also different, so flower lovers should pay attention.

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