What are the high-quality peanut varieties in 2020? A detailed introduction
Peanuts are a food that many people eat at home, and they have many uses: they can be pressed for oil, made into peanut butter, used in cooking, stewed in soup, and so on. Therefore, our country's high-quality peanut varieties are also divided into many types: high-oleic peanuts, common-type peanuts, Spanish-type peanuts, export-type peanuts, fresh-eating-type peanuts, and roasting-type peanuts.
I. High-oleic peanuts
1. High-oleic large peanut: Huayu 961
Variety source: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Characteristics: upright plant type, tough peg with no pod drop, a new peanut variety suitable for mechanized harvesting. Pods are cocoon-shaped, kernels are peach-round, seed coat is pink. In spring-sowing trials at Shandong Peanut Research Institute, the whole growth period is 120 days. Main stem height 45.0cm, lateral branch length 48.0cm. Number of fruiting branches 8; 100-pod weight 235g, 100-kernel weight 92.8g. Shelling rate 80.00%. In Anhui summer sowing, the whole growth period is 120d. Main stem height 47.6cm, number of fruiting branches 8.3, 100-pod weight 221.5g, 100-kernel weight 82.8g. Shelling rate 77.5%. According to testing by the Oil Crops and Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Wuhan), the oleic acid content of Huayu 961 kernels is 81.2%, and the linoleic acid content is 3.3%. The oleic/linoleic ratio is 24.60.
Suitable planting areas: suitable for planting in Anhui, Hainan, Shandong and other places. High-oleic large peanut varieties also include Huayu 962, 963, %64, 965966, and Huayu 917, among which Huayu 962 has a relatively taller plant height, about 46cm, and Huayu 917 has a plant height of 36cm; during management, reasonable growth control should be carried out.
2. High-oleic small peanut
① Yuhua No. 37
Variety source: Institute of Economic Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: Spanish type. For food, oil, and both food and oil use. Growth period about 116 days. Sparse-branch upright, leaves yellow-green, elliptical, main stem height about 47cm, lateral branch length about 52cm, total branches about 8, fruiting branches about 7, full pods per plant about 12. Pods cocoon-shaped, surface texture medium, beak prominence very weak, constriction weak, 100-pod weight about 177g, full-pod rate about 82%; kernels peach-shaped, seed coat light red, inner seed coat dark yellow, with oil spots, shell thin, 100-kernel weight about 70g, kernel yield about 72%. Kernel oil content 55.96%, protein content 19.4%, oleic acid content 77.0%, kernel linoleic acid content 6.94%. Moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, leaf spot disease, and viral disease; susceptible to rust; highly resistant to net blotch.
Suitable planting areas and seasons: suitable for planting in Henan spring sowing, wheat intercropping, and summer direct sowing Spanish-type peanut production areas; planting in peanut areas of northern and southern Xinjiang.
② Huayu 52
Variety source: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Variety characteristics: This variety is an early-maturing upright small peanut variety; pods have no pod waist, shape nearly axe-shaped, kernels without cracks. Continuous flowering, plant height 45cm, upright plant type, lodging resistant, branch number about 10, leaf color green. Pod reticulation shallow, seed coat pink, fruiting relatively concentrated, pods per kg 752, kernels per kg 1589, 100-pod weight 190g, 100-kernel weight 76.29g, full-pod rate about 76%, shelling rate 76.63%, oleic acid content 81.45%, linoleic acid content 3.02%, oleic/linoleic ratio 26.97.
③ Huayu 661
Variety source: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Characteristics: upright plant type, continuous flowering. Leaf color green, fruiting concentrated. Pods common shape. Kernels elliptical, seed coat pink. In Laixi, Shandong spring sowing, the whole growth period is 125 days. Main stem height 40cm, lateral branch length 42.6cm, branch number 9, fruiting branch number 7, 100-pod weight 150g, 100-kernel weight 73.6g, shelling rate 79.5%. In Anhui summer sowing, the whole growth period is 115.3 days. Main stem height 43.9cm, fruiting branch number 8.7, 100-pod weight 151.8g, 100-kernel weight 73.6g. Shelling rate 78.3%. According to testing by the Oil Crops and Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Wuhan), kernel oleic acid content 80.9%, linoleic acid content 2.8%, oleic/linoleic ratio 28.89.
High-oleic small peanuts also include Yuhua 65 and Yuhua 76; Huayu 662663, 664, 66(, 667, 51; among them, Yuhua 65 is a processing-type high-oleic variety. It is considered a new high-oleic edible peanut variety suitable for chocolate and other candy processing.
II. Common-type large peanut
1. Yuhua 9326
Applicant: Institute of Economic Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: For food, oil, and both food and oil use. It belongs to the common-type peanut variety, with a spring-sowing growth period of about 130 days. Upright sparse-branch type, continuous flowering, general plant height 40cm, lateral branch length 43cm, total branches 9, fruiting branches 7. Leaves dark green, elliptical, large; pods common type, beak prominence medium, pod surface texture medium, constriction weak, 100-pod weight about 213g. Kernels columnar, seed coat light red, inner seed coat dark yellow, 100-kernel weight about 88, kernel yield about 70%. Kernel oil content 56.67%, protein content 22.65%, oleic acid content 36.6%, linoleic acid content 38.3%. Moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, moderately resistant to leaf spot disease, moderately resistant to rust, moderately resistant to net blotch.
Suitable planting areas and seasons: suitable for spring sowing in the main peanut production areas of eastern Henan, northern Henan, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southwestern Shandong, northwestern Shandong, and southern Hebei.
2. Yuhua 9719
Applicant: Institute of Economic Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: For both oil and food use. It belongs to the common-type peanut variety, with a growth period of about 126 days. Upright plant type, plant height 45cm, first pair of lateral branches 49cm, total branch number about 9, fruiting branch number about 6. Leaves elliptical, leaf color dark green. Continuous flowering. Pods common shape, beak weak, pod surface texture medium, constriction weak. Kernels columnar, seed coat light red, inner seed coat light yellow, 100-pod weight about 267g, 100-kernel weight about 114g, kernel yield about 69%. Kernel oil content 48.32%, protein content 24.61%, oleic acid content 46%, kernel linoleic acid content 32.8%. Moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, moderately resistant to leaf spot disease, moderately resistant to rust, strong drought resistance.
Suitable planting areas and seasons: suitable for wheat ridge intercropping and spring sowing in suitable peanut areas of Henan, Shandong, Anhui, and Liaoning.
3. Huayu 36
Breeding unit: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Characteristics: Belongs to the intermediate-type large peanut. Pods common shape, reticulation deep, pod waist shallow, kernels nearly elliptical, seed coat pink, with cracks, inner seed coat white, continuous flowering. Regional trial results: spring-sowing growth period 127 days, main stem height 46.2cm, lateral branch length 49.7cm, total branches 9; pods per plant 14, productivity per plant 20.7g, 100-pod weight 252.7g, 100-kernel weight 107.8g, pods per kg 508, kernels per kg 1077, shelling rate 70.9%. In 2008, quality analysis by the Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan): protein content 22.8%, fat 44.3%, oleic acid 39.1%, linoleic acid 39.5%, O/L value 1.07.
4. Huayu 25
Breeder: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Characteristics: Belongs to the common-type large peanut variety. Regional trial results: growth period 129 days, compact plant type, sparse-branch type, general lodging resistance, main stem height 46.5cm, lateral branch length 49cm, total branches 9; pods per plant 15, productivity per plant 20g, pods common type, kernels elliptical, seed coat pink, 100-pod weight 239g, 100-kernel weight 98g, pods per kg 571, kernels per kg 1234, shelling rate 73.5%. Strong seed dormancy, relatively strong drought resistance, medium waterlogging tolerance, moderately resistant to leaf spot disease. In 2004, samples were analyzed for quality by the Food Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan) (dry basis): protein 25.2%, fat 48.6%, moisture 6%, oleic acid 41.8%, linoleic acid 38.2%, O/L ratio 1.09.
Common-type large peanut varieties also include Yuhua 9620, Yuanza 9847, and Yuhua 47; among them, Yuhua 9620 is resistant to net blotch and leaf spot disease, and highly resistant to viral disease. It is suitable for planting throughout Henan and can extend to similar peanut areas in Anhui, Shandong, Hebei, and other places. Yuhua 47 is suitable for planting in large peanut production areas or summer direct-sowing areas in Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Hubei, and other provinces.
5. Jihua 16
Breeding unit: Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Promotion opinion: recommended for planting in Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Langfang, and areas south of them in Hebei.
6. Zhenghua 6088
Applicant: Zhengyang County Daixing Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
Characteristics: Belongs to the common-type upright sparse-branch, oil and food dual-use variety. Summer-sowing growth period 122 days, continuous flowering, main stem height 40cm, lateral branch length 44cm, branches 8-10, strong growth throughout the whole growth period, strong pod-setting ability, concentrated fruiting; leaves medium green, elliptical, pods cocoon-shaped, beak blunt, reticulation coarse and slightly deep, constriction shallow, pods per plant about 50, 100-pod weight 240g, full-pod rate 82.5%, kernels columnar, light red, 100-kernel weight 94g, kernel yield 7%. Kernel oil content 52.4%, protein content 26.4%, oleic acid content 35.2%, kernel linoleic acid content 40.9%. Moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, no leaf spot disease, no rust.
Suitable planting areas and seasons: suitable for summer planting in Henan, Anhui, and Hubei.
III. Spanish-type peanuts
1. Nongda Hua 103
Applicant: College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University
Characteristics: For both oil and food use. It belongs to the Spanish-type compact sparse-branch small peanut, with a whole growth period of 100 days. Main stem height 34.6cm, total branch number 8.3, 100-pod weight 179.5g, 100-kernel weight 77.4g, kernel yield 76.7%. High full-pod rate, high shelling rate, thin and neat shells, many double-kernel pods. Kernels peach-shaped, pink, bright in color, good palatability, good marketability. Moderately resistant to rust, leaf spot disease, and net blotch, drought resistant, waterlogging tolerant. Kernel oil content 51.85%, protein content 28.51%, oleic acid content 41.0%, kernel linoleic acid content 35.8%. Moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, resistant to leaf spot disease, moderately resistant to rust, strong drought resistance, medium lodging resistance and seed dormancy.
Suitable planting areas and seasons: suitable for spring sowing and post-wheat direct sowing in Henan, Anhui, Chongqing, and southern Jiangsu.
2. Yuanza 9102
Applicant: Institute of Economic Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: For food, oil, and both food and oil use. It belongs to the sparse-branch subspecies Spanish-type variety, with a summer-sowing growth period of about 100 days. Plants upright and sparse-branch, continuous flowering, main stem height 330m, lateral branch length 36cm, total branches 9, fruiting branches 6; leaves obovate, dark green, medium; pods cocoon-shaped, beak prominence weak, pod surface texture medium, constriction medium, 100-pod weight about 165g; kernels spherical, seed coat light red, inner seed coat white, 100-kernel weight about 66g, kernel yield about 74%. Kernel oil content 58.24%, protein content 24.28%, oleic acid content 38.9%, kernel linoleic acid content 38.13%. Highly resistant to bacterial wilt, moderately resistant to leaf spot disease, moderately resistant to rust, resistant to net blotch, resistant to viral disease.
3. Yuhua No. 22
Applicant: Institute of Economic Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: For both oil and food use. It belongs to the Spanish-type peanut variety, with a summer direct-sowing growth period of about 113 days. Plants upright, continuous flowering, leaves dark green, elliptical, medium; main stem height 43cm, lateral branch length 44cm, total branches 7, fruiting branches 6, full pods per plant about 10. Pods cocoon-shaped, beak weak, pod surface texture medium, constriction weak, 100-pod weight about 190g, full-pod rate about 79%; kernels spherical, seed coat light red, glossy, inner seed coat white, 100-kernel weight 82g, kernel yield 72%. Kernel oil content 51.39%, protein content 24.22%, oleic acid content 36.08%, kernel linoleic acid content 42.84%. Moderately susceptible to bacterial wilt, moderately resistant to leaf spot disease, moderately resistant to rust, moderately susceptible to net disease.
Suitable planting areas and seasons: suitable for wheat ridge intercropping and summer direct sowing in Henan.
4. Zhonghua No. 16
Applicant: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: Belongs to the Spanish-type variety. Compact plant type, medium plant height, stems and branches relatively thick. Leaves elliptical, leaf color dark green, leaves relatively thick. Continuous flowering, flowering amount per plant relatively large. Pods axe-shaped, relatively large, reticulation relatively deep, seed kernels pink. In regional trials, main stem height 43.1cm, lateral branch length 46.8cm, total branch number 9, 100-pod weight 219.3g, 100-kernel weight 88.7g, kernel yield 74.8%. Whole growth period 122.4 days. Strong drought resistance and lodging resistance, strong seed dormancy.
5. Yueyou 40
Breeding unit: Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: Yueyou 40 belongs to the upright Spanish type, continuous flowering, sparse-branch. Whole growth period 125 days for spring planting and 110 days for autumn planting. Medium plant height, strong growth vigor, compact plant type. Main stem height 49.5cm, branch length 53.1cm, total branch number 6.4, effective branches 5.5.
This variety participated in the national peanut variety regional trial organized by the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center from 2005 to 2007. In May 2008, it passed the appraisal of the National Peanut Variety Appraisal Committee. It is recommended for promotion and planting in the main peanut production areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, and southern Hunan, with attention to timely early sowing and prevention and control of diseases and pests.
6. Guihua 1026
Applicant: Institute of Economic Crops, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: Belongs to the upright Spanish-type variety, continuous flowering, sparse-branch. Compact plant type, strong growth vigor. Main stem height 55.7cm, branch length 59.0cm, total branch number 6.2, effective branch number 5.9, main stem leaf number 17.9, main stem green leaf number at harvest 7.1, leaf size medium, leaf color green.
Adapted areas: suitable for promotion and planting in southern peanut production areas such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Hunan.
IV. Export-type peanut variety: Huayu 918
Breeder: Shandong Peanut Research Institute.
Characteristics: Belongs to the intermediate-type large peanut, suitable for export. Pods common type, reticulation coarse and shallow, pod waist shallow, kernels elliptical, seed coat pink, inner seed coat golden yellow, continuous flowering. Regional trial results: spring-sowing growth period 131 days, main stem height 45.1cm, lateral branch length 50.6cm, total branches 8; pods per plant 16, productivity per plant 23.0g, 100-pod weight 235.9g, 100-kernel weight 100.0g, pods per kg 569, shelling rate 72.4%. In 2013, quality analysis by the Oil Crops and Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture: protein content 24.49%, fat 56.16%, oleic acid 43.3%, linoleic acid 34.3%, O/L value 1.3. Field disease resistance survey showed susceptibility to leaf spot disease.
Suitable range: to be planted and utilized as a spring-sowing large peanut variety in suitable areas of Shandong.
V. Fresh-eating-type peanut variety: Huayu 28
Variety source: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Characteristics: Spring-sowing growth period 126 days, sparse-branch type, continuous flowering, main stem height 39.4cm, lateral branch length 43.9cm, total branches 8; pods per plant 15, productivity per plant 16g, pods axe-shaped, kernels triangular, seed coat pink, 100-pod weight 193g, 100-kernel weight 81g, pods per kg 714, kernels per kg 1478, shelling rate 74.5%. Medium drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. In 2005, quality analysis by the Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan): protein content 26.2%, fat 52.4%, oleic acid 42.9%, linoleic acid 36.7%, O/L ratio 1.17. In 2007, disease resistance identification by Shandong Peanut Research Institute: net blotch disease index 46.3%, brown spot disease index 13.7%. Cultivation points: planting density 1-1.1 ten-thousand hills/mu, 2 seeds per hill. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, topdress according to seedling condition, and strengthen field management in a timely manner. Other management is the same as general fields.
Planting area: to be promoted and utilized as a spring-sowing small peanut variety in suitable areas of Shandong Province.
VI. Roasting-type peanut variety: Huayu 23
Variety source: Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Characteristics: Belongs to the sparse-branch upright small peanut, main stem height 37.2cm, lateral branch length 43.1cm, total branches 7.9, fruiting branch number 5.9, pods per plant 17.7, pods per kg 870.9, kernels per kg 1930.6, 100-pod weight 153.7g, 100-kernel weight 64.2g, shelling rate 74.5%; kernel crude fat content 53.1%, protein content 22.%, oleic/linoleic ratio 1.54. Uniform emergence, steady growth, strong seed dormancy and drought resistance, relatively resistant to leaf spot disease and net blotch, growth period 129 days.
In summary, how many of these peanut varieties do you all know? Everyone is welcome to continue recommending peanut varieties you know about.
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