What are the high-quality wheat varieties and seedling-raising methods?

Wheat is the raw material for many staple foods in people's daily lives, and its planting area in our country is also very extensive. The wheat varieties planted in each region must be judged according to the local climate. Below, a few good wheat varieties are introduced to everyone.

1. What varieties of wheat are there?

1. Jimai 38

This variety is a semi-winter, medium-early maturing variety with white grains and oval-shaped kernels. The plant height is about 75 cm, the spike is spindle-shaped, the number of spikes per mu is generally 450,000-500,000, the number of grains per spike is about 36, and the 1000-grain weight is about 38 grams. The protein content is about 13.9% (dry basis), the sedimentation value is 18.5 ml, and the test weight is 770-790 grams per liter. It is drought-resistant and salt-alkali tolerant, highly resistant to stripe rust and leaf rust, and tolerant to powdery mildew. The yield per hectare is about 7,200 kg, and the highest single yield in Hebei reached 9,465 kg per hectare. It is suitable for planting in central-southern Hebei, northern Henan, northwestern Shandong, northern Jiangsu, and northern Anhui.

2. Miannong 6

A spring, medium-early maturing variety with medium tillering ability and vigorous growth at the seedling stage. The plant height is about 85 cm, and plant height is relatively sensitive to environmental response. Long awns, white glumes, red grains, semi-hard texture, neat spike layer, about 41 grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight about 44 grams. According to identification, it is moderately resistant to stripe rust, highly susceptible to leaf rust, moderately susceptible to powdery mildew, and susceptible to fusarium head blight. Quality analysis: test weight 752 grams per liter, protein content 11.3%, wet gluten content 19.5%, sedimentation value 18.2 ml, water absorption 58.2%, dough stability time 1.4 minutes.

3. Huaimai 32

Huaimai 32 is a new wheat variety bred by the Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Xuhuai area of Jiangsu. This variety has a compact plant type, good seed setting, coordinated three yield components, and outstanding high-yield performance. It is suitable for planting in the Huaibei wheat region of Jiangsu.

2. How should wheat seed be selected?

Wheat varieties include spring, semi-winter, and winter types. In northern regions, varieties with stronger cold resistance should be selected to ensure that winter wheat can safely overwinter and no freezing injury occurs. In addition, the disease resistance and lodging resistance of wheat varieties should also be considered.

3. What are the methods for raising wheat seedlings?

1. Planting time

Wheat is divided into spring wheat and winter wheat, so this also determines that the planting time of wheat is different. In the North China region of our country, sowing is generally around November in winter, while in the Northeast region, sowing is in March or April in spring. Because the Northeast region of our country has a thick layer of snow in winter and the temperature is very low, it is not suitable for wheat growth, so it is generally not planted in winter. Second, the climate in the North China region of our country is relatively stable throughout the year, and multiple rounds of crop rotation can be carried out, so it is just right to sow wheat in winter after other crops are harvested in autumn, in order to prevent the land from being left idle.

2. Seed selection and land preparation

Wheat varieties nowadays are not as limited as before, so we can screen them. We first consider the local climate and local soil conditions and other factors, and choose the most suitable variety. For example, in areas with relatively little rain, choose one with strong drought resistance; in poor soil areas, choose one with strong adaptability; in colder areas, choose one with strong cold resistance; in rainy areas, choose one with strong disease resistance. Therefore, choose the best according to the specific situation. In order to ensure the growth and yield of wheat, when preparing the land, it should be deep-plowed to at least about 30 cm into the soil layer, and the clods should be broken up finely, the field should be leveled, then 4,000 jin of farmyard manure should be spread, and the land should be turned again to mix the fertilizer evenly. Then dig a small ditch every 1 to 1.5 m or so, make preparations for drainage and irrigation, and finally wait for sowing.

3. Reasonable sowing

Before sowing, we generally need to carry out germination promotion treatment and seed dressing. First, soak the wheat seeds in water for two days, then remove them, stir them evenly in the chemical agent, leave them for 20 minutes, rinse them clean with clear water, then wrap the seeds in cotton cloth and hang them close to the water surface. After about three days, the seeds will germinate, and then they can be sown. There are several sowing methods. The most commonly used method is drilling, that is, in the prepared land, dig a small ditch with a row spacing of 30 cm, then evenly scatter the seeds into the ditch, and then cover with soil to plant. The more common method in rural areas should be broadcasting, which is relatively simple. Just evenly scatter the seeds throughout the field and then cover with soil. Finally, there is the more meticulous planting method, which is to make a small hole at a spacing of 30 cm between each row and each plant, then scatter 3 to 5 seeds in each small hole, then cover with soil and wait for emergence.

4. Field management

When a layer of fine tender green has grown throughout the wheat field, we can carry out the first fertilization and watering. At this time, watering can be done by irrigation, and fertilization mainly uses urea to promote seedlings. The fertilizer can be scattered directly or dissolved in water for irrigation. The second fertilization is at the tillering stage of the wheat seedlings. At this time, sprinkler irrigation is used for watering, so that the wheat seedlings will not break. At this time, we still use urea, but this time we need to add 20 jin of phosphate fertilizer and 30 jin of compound fertilizer. Finally, when the wheat seedlings are heading, this is the critical moment that determines wheat yield. We mainly apply phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and boron fertilizer, and finally also spray some non-toxic agents that make the grains plump.

5. Disease prevention

The most common disease before wheat planting is wheat lodging, which generally appears after wheat heading and near maturity. If large-scale lodging occurs at this time, then the yield and quality of wheat will not be good. Therefore, in ordinary daily management, we need to drain water in time, use fertilizer correctly and grasp the amount, and also pay attention to planting density. If one or two lodged plants appear in the field, chemical control is needed.

In summary, this is some introduction to wheat. In fact, there are still many, many wheat varieties. Everyone just needs to choose the best according to the local actual situation.

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