What are the methods for selecting seeds and raising seedlings of scallions?

Scallions, also called spring onions, are the most common type of seasoning vegetable, with very strong vitality. Scallions have a long history of cultivation in China and are widely distributed, with Shandong, Hebei, Henan and other provinces as important production areas. So how do you select scallion seeds? What are the seedling raising methods? Let's take a look together below.

1. How do you select scallion seeds?

Spring onion seeds are very small and light, with a very thick seed coat, and the embryo is very small, storing little accumulated nutrients. Under normal circumstances, they absorb water slowly, causing slow emergence, few roots, thin and weak seedlings, slow growth, and a long seedling age. Therefore, vegetable growers all adopt the methods of seed treatment and seedling transplanting to increase the germination rate and emergence rate, saving land and labor.

Choose seeds within one year. Choose new seeds as seeds. Carefully select seeds before sowing, requiring a purity of over 99% and a germination rate of over 90%. Spring onion seeds are small, low in nutrients, and weak in germination ability. Seeds over 2 years old have a germination rate dropping below 30% and cannot be used as seeds. Generally, one mu of land requires 3-5 kg of new seeds.

2. What are the seedling raising methods for scallions?

1. Selection of seedling raising site

Choose a place with high, dry terrain and convenient drainage and irrigation. Spring onion seeds are small and the seedlings are delicate, not tolerant of waterlogging, and afraid of standing water, otherwise the seeds are prone to rot and the seedlings are prone to leggy growth. Under drought conditions, the germination rate is low and growth is difficult.

Choose a place with sufficient sunlight and no cover. Choose a place that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with no tree shade, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings and can also prevent the seedlings from being knocked askew by raindrops.

Sandy loam soil that is loose, well aerated, fertile, and rich in organic matter is best. Heavy clay soil is prone to hardening, which is not conducive to root development and affects the emergence rate. Sandy soil has too low fertility and also cannot stabilize the seedlings.

2. Seedling raising season

Spring onions tolerate high temperatures and low temperatures, and remain green all year round. The most suitable growth temperature for spring onion plants is 18-23°C. In high temperature seasons, the degree of fibrosis is high, and growth and development are also poor, with quality declining. Too low a temperature will also stop growth. Therefore, determining a suitable seedling raising season and controlling the growth period to the season most favorable for growth is very important. Under low temperature conditions, plastic film cultivation and greenhouse cultivation can be used. In high temperature seasons, measures such as scattering straw to maintain soil moisture, lower soil temperature, and covering with shade nets can be used to maintain year-round product supply.

The most conventional seedling raising season in northern regions is after the soil thaws in spring and when the temperature begins to drop in autumn, which is most ideal. Generally, open-field seedling raising in spring can be transplanted or sold as green onions after 2 months, and after transplanting, they are gradually supplied to the market around the wheat harvest. Because spring onions have super strong tillering ability, the cultivated plot can continuously be thinned to supply the market without causing a decrease in yield, and can continue to be supplied until autumn. Sowing around the Start of Autumn can be transplanted in about 1 month, and after transplanting, they can be gradually supplied to the market in about a month and a half.

In southern regions and protected cultivation, sowing can be done all year round, and products can be harvested all year round. In winter, seedlings can be raised in protected cultivation, and transplanted in early spring with plastic film mulching. In summer and autumn, seedlings can be raised with shade net shading and rain shelters, and transplanted when the temperature drops.

3. Seedling management

Ridge seedling raising. In order to ensure well-developed roots and prevent root rot, high-ridge seedling raising should be adopted regardless of the season. The ridge height should be over 20 cm, and the ridge width can be flexibly chosen according to the soil and terrain.

Sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 4000-5000 kg of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu of seedling land as base fertilizer.

Sowing method. Mainly two types: drilling and broadcasting. Sow after ridging, covering with soil 0.5-1 cm. If the soil cover is too thin, the seeds emerge with shells; if too thick, they cannot emerge. Then irrigate, sprinkle water, or water, considering comprehensively according to the season and soil texture. Under suitable temperature, seedlings emerge in 5-7 days; in spring, they generally emerge in 10-15 days. If many are found to emerge with shells, fully decomposed farmyard manure can be appropriately scattered.

The above is an introduction to scallions. Southern regions produce more scallions. They are a commonly used seasoning, also called spring onions, and are generally eaten raw or   used in cold dishes. When planting scallions, be sure to choose good-quality seeds and manage them scientifically.

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