How are plum seeds selected? What are the seedling-raising methods?

Plum is one of the important fruit trees in temperate regions, cultivated in basically every province in our country, and the varieties are also very abundant. Plums not only taste good, but their nutritional value is also extremely high. At present, the market warming trend is gradually becoming obvious, and even many people have started growing plum trees in their backyards. Of course, to grow plum trees well, choosing the right variety of plum seeds is very important. So how do you select the seeds? And what seedling-raising methods are there? Let's take a look together.

High-quality variety resources

1. Aiqin plum

Native to France, it was introduced to Yantai, China around 1855, and is now distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other places. The Aiqin plum fruit is oval, with an average single fruit weight of 33.8, a concave fruit apex, and a shallow but obvious suture line. The base color of the skin is yellow-green, with purple-red blush, the flesh is green, and the taste is sweet and sour. In the Liaoning region, the maturity period is in early September. The variety has wide adaptability and good quality.

2. Angeleno

One of the top ten main cultivars in California, USA, it was introduced to our country in 1994 and is now distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other places. The Angeleno plum fruit is oblate, with an average single fruit weight of 102g. The fruit is green initially, then turns black-red, and after full maturity becomes purple-black. The fruit is very firm, and the flesh is light yellow. It is crisp and refreshing, sweet, and richly aromatic. The maturity period is late September to early October.

3. Black Diamond plum

Native to the United States, the fruit is oblate, with an average single fruit weight of 107g, a round fruit apex, a purple-black fruit surface, no fruit dots, firm and crisp flesh, abundant juice, and a sweet taste without astringency. The maturity period is early September. It has strong drought and wind resistance, strong adaptability, and extremely high productivity.

4. Qiuji plum

Native to Japan, the fruit is nearly round, with an average single fruit weight of 150g, fully colored a deep red, with orange-yellow flesh, thick flesh, and a rich sweet flavor with aroma. The maturity period is mid-September. Its advantages are larger fruit size, good productivity, brilliant color, and strong disease resistance.

5. Changli No. 15

Bred by the Changchun City Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jilin Province in 1983 by crossing Suileng Hong plum and American plum, it is now distributed in the Northeast region and the Beijing region. The Changli No. 15 fruit is oblate, with an average fruit weight of 35.2g. The base color of the skin is yellow-green, with purple-red blush, the skin is thick and easy to peel, and it has few fibers and abundant juice. The maturity period is mid-to-late July, the fruit development period is 70 days, the fruit appearance is beautiful, productivity is high, and it is tolerant of storage and transport.

Introduction to seedling-raising methods

In daily production, plums mainly have three seedling-raising methods: grafting, division, and in vitro propagation:

1. Grafting

The grafting method for plums is the same as for peach trees; both bud grafting and scion grafting can be used. With wild peach rootstock, bud grafting is easier; with plum rootstock, cut grafting is more convenient than bud grafting. The best time for bud grafting is mid-June to mid-August, while scion grafting can be done in both spring and autumn. In the Yangtze River basin, spring grafting is best from mid-February to early March, and autumn grafting is best from late September to late October; in South China, spring grafting is from early January to early February, and autumn grafting is from August to September.

2. Division

The division method is simple and easy to carry out, and is a seedling-raising method long used in various places. It can be used for cultivating nursery stock and rootstock. The specific method is to dig a ring-shaped trench about 30cm deep around the tree plate from September to November, cut off part of the root system, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer. The root wounds can heal that same year, and the following spring root suckers can sprout near the wounds. During the growth period, some weak seedlings and densely growing seedlings should be removed, and appropriate shaping and trunk heading should be carried out. Generally, each tree can produce more than 10 robust root-sucker seedlings.

3. In vitro propagation

In vitro propagation seedling raising of plum trees has been successful. The specific method is to take plum stem tips or stem segments with lateral buds as explants, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 2 minutes, and rinse once with sterile water. Then disinfect with mercuric chloride for 5 minutes and rinse 3~4 times with sterile water. Inoculate onto improved MS medium for initial induction of the explants. Sixty days after inoculation, take the stem tips of the initially induced growing buds and transfer them onto improved MS medium for subculture; after 60 days, cut tender stems 1~1.5cm long and transfer them into rooting medium 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L, and roots can form after 20 days.

Overall, when growing plums, everyone must combine their own needs to choose a suitable plum seed variety for sowing, and then carry out seedling raising and propagation work. There are also many seedling-raising methods for plum trees, each with advantages and disadvantages, but their adaptability to different regions is different, so which method to use for seedling raising depends on the specific conditions of each place.

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