Soybean Seed Selection Methods and Introduction to Excellent Varieties

Soybean is actually what we usually call soybean (dadou). Its flowering period is generally in June and July, and its fruiting period is generally from July to September. It can be pressed for oil and processed into many kinds of products. It is cultivated everywhere and is one of China's important food crops. Below, let's learn about the excellent varieties of soybean.

1. What excellent varieties of soybean are there?

1. Jilin No. 21

This variety has a plant height of 100 cm. Round hairs. Leaves, white flowers, gray semi-determinate pod-setting habit, well-developed main stem, with branches, the main stem has 17 short internodes and dense pods, mostly three-seeded pods per node, node color, 100-seed weight about 20 grams. Seeds are round, seed coat yellow and glossy, hilum yellow. This variety is a medium-late maturing variety of northern spring soybean. Growth period is 135 days. It is resistant to mosaic virus strains 1, 2, and 3. It has good resistance to gray leaf spot, downy mildew, brown spot, and soybean pod borer, is relatively resistant to lodging, has uniform seeds, and a low insect-damage rate. Seed protein content is 41.5%, and fat content is 27%.

2. Xiangchundou No. 10

This variety has a plant height of about 50 cm. Oval leaves, white flowers, gray hairs. Determinate pod-setting habit, 3 to 4 branches. Seeds are long oval, seed coat yellow, hilum black, 100-seed weight about 18 grams. This variety is a medium-early maturing southern spring soybean. Growth period is 96 to 116 days. It has good resistance to leaf scorch, is relatively resistant to purple seed stain and mosaic virus disease, tolerant to poor soil, resistant to lodging, and does not shatter pods. Seed protein content is 41.1%, and fat content is 20.0%.

2. How to select soybean seeds?

1. Varieties suitable for the local area

According to the local ecological environment type, choose approved varieties with excellent quality, high yield, strong stress resistance, and strong stable yield, among which strong stress resistance and stable yield are very important. Soybean is relatively sensitive to light and temperature, has complex ecological types, and generally has a small suitable area, so do not introduce seeds across regions, and do not blindly believe in so-called foreign varieties or non-local varieties.

2. Choose officially approved varieties

China has a strict variety approval system. Approved varieties have undergone strict national testing and review. Approved varieties on the market all have seed instructions consistent with the approval certificate, have an approval number, and indicate the suitable region, so choosing these varieties is relatively more secure. When purchasing, carefully read the product instructions attached inside the package and check whether the seed appearance quality meets the seed standards in the instructions. At the same time, soybean varieties such as "** Wang", "* Dou Wang", "Sai **", "Qianjin *", "Weixing **", "Taikong **", and so on often appear on the market. Generally speaking, these are fake and inferior seeds. Not only have they not been approved by the seed management department, but they also have serious defects in yield and resistance, often causing serious losses to farmers.

3. Seeds with exaggerated publicity cannot be chosen

At present, in the Northeast spring soybean planting area, the normal soybean yield is generally between 2,000 kg per hectare (poor soil) and 3,500 kg, and special high-yield cultivation trials or small-area high-yield trials have yield records of more than 4,000-4,500 kg. For publicity claiming single yields of tens of thousands of jin, do not readily believe it, and it can even be considered false publicity. In addition, when purchasing seeds, choose suitable varieties according to local conditions, and do not believe promises such as high-price buyback.

3. Soybean seedling-raising methods

1. Planting time

The planting time of soybean is related to region and climate. Different regions have a one- to two-month difference in planting time. The best planting time for soybean is June each year, but northern China is slightly earlier, generally starting gradual planting in April and May, while southern China starts planting only in May and June.

2. Preparing the seedbed

To get high-yield soybean, relatively fertile and loose soil is necessary. When preparing the seedbed, try to plow deeply, as this can prevent various insect pests. On the prepared seedbed, evenly spread an appropriate amount of farmyard manure as base fertilizer.

3. Sowing and raising seedlings

Sow soybean seeds on the prepared seedbed, with a spacing of about 30-50 cm per plant. Before sowing, the seedbed needs to be watered wet. After sowing, cover the seeds with soil and then wait for germination. When the bean seedlings grow to 4-5 cm, they can be transplanted and set out.

4. Field management

After transplanting, irrigate the entire soybean field once, and every plant must be watered. After a week, weed and fertilize the soybean once, and water once more. The fertilizer applied is generally compound fertilizer and urea. For the second fertilization, wait until the soybean blooms and forms pods. In order to make the pods plump, some phosphate and potassium fertilizer can be applied.

5. Timely harvesting

Soybean matures at different times. When the soybean pods feel relatively hard to the touch, they can be harvested. For the first harvest, pick the pods; at the second maturity, the whole soybean plant can be cut down. After harvesting, dry and thresh, then clean out the seeds.

Regarding the introduction to soybean, today we have introduced these three main points for everyone. Interested friends can continue to follow and learn. Nongxun.com also has more soybean price trends, planting techniques, subsidy policies, and so on.

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