How to select hawthorn seeds? What are the seedling raising methods?

Speaking of hawthorn, do you, like the editor, immediately think of packaged hawthorn slices? They are usually quite suitable to eat when you have indigestion. In addition, hawthorn also has very good medicinal effects, and everyone can also eat some appropriately in daily life. So how should hawthorn seeds be selected? What are the seedling raising methods? The editor will explain them to everyone in detail below.

1. How to select hawthorn seeds?

1. In mountainous areas, where the area in front of the mountain is sheltered from the wind and faces the sun, with sufficient light, high temperature and abundant rainfall, late-maturing varieties with a long growth period and higher requirements for cultivation conditions can be selected. In shady mountain gullies, sloping shady slopes or low-lying places with poor light, lower temperature and insufficient water conditions, medium-maturing or early-maturing varieties should be selected. From the perspective of social conditions, in remote deep mountain areas with little labor, inconvenient transportation and insufficient water sources, where fine management is difficult, varieties that tolerate extensive management and have strong storage resistance should be selected. In towns and suburbs or places with relatively convenient transportation, sufficient labor and processing conditions, excellent fresh-eating varieties or varieties used for both fresh eating and processing can be selected.

2. The primary principle for selecting hawthorn seeds should be to require varieties with strong adaptability, early fruiting, high yield, large fruit and good quality, and suitability for both fresh eating and processing. So-called good quality means the fruit has high firmness, tolerates storage and transportation, and the edible portion accounts for more than 80% of the whole fruit weight; the sugar-acid ratio should generally be greater than 2,5:1, and every 100 grams of fresh fruit contains more than 80 mg of vitamin C.

2. Hawthorn seed seedling raising methods

1. Selection of nursery land

A plot with flat terrain, convenient cultivation, deep and fertile soil, neutral or slightly acidic pH, preferably sandy soil texture, close to a water source and with irrigation conditions should be selected as the nursery site.

2. Seed collection

There are many types of wild hawthorn, and wild species with a high kernel rate, good compatibility and strong adaptability should be selected as rootstock. At the same time, healthy and robust trees without pests and diseases should be selected as mother trees for seed collection. Seed collection is mostly carried out when the fruit is basically mature. After picking, remove the flesh immediately and take out the seeds. The fruit can also be crushed and then stored for treatment, that is, after the fruit is picked, spread it on the ground, crush it with a stone roller, crush the flesh, then pile it in a shady place to ferment. The pile thickness should not exceed 45cm, cover the top with mat pieces, spray water 2-3 times a day, turn it once every 2~3d, and keep the temperature at about 40°C, so as to avoid burning the seeds due to excessively high temperature. After 7~10d, when most of the flesh has rotted, spread it out to dry in the sun so that the flesh separates from the seeds, then wash with water to obtain clean seeds.

3. Seed treatment

Adopt the alternating dry-wet and variable temperature treatment method. After the seeds cleaned with clear water are stratified with wet sand for 20d, the gelatinous substance on the seed shell surface obviously recedes and the suture line loosens. On a sunny day, soak the seeds in clear water for a whole day and night, take them out the next day and spread them on concrete to sun-dry for 4~6h, then soak and sun-dry again, repeating this 7 times. When most of the seed shells have cracked, mix with wet sand for stratification. Mix the two according to the ratio of 1 part seeds to 4~5 parts wet river sand. When there are few seeds, they can be stored in wooden boxes; when there are many seeds, dig pits for stratification. Usually turn once a month, spray water when dry, and open them when too wet to properly release moisture. The stratification time for this treatment method should be no less than 80d, with 90~120d being better, and wait until spring for sowing. The stratification method can shorten the seedling raising time, and the emergence rate reaches 60%~70%.

4. Sowing

Hawthorn has strong cold resistance. In early spring, sow appropriately early and shallowly. Autumn sowing needs to be carried out before freezing in late autumn and early winter. Before sowing, deep plow, harrow the land and make beds. Usually 10m long and 1.2m wide, irrigate enough bottom water, and after the water seeps down, spread base fertilizer. Usually 3000~5000kg of decomposed barnyard manure is turned into the soil and the surface is leveled and finely raked. When sowing, follow 4 rows per bed, use wide and narrow rows, open furrows for drilling, with a furrow depth of 3cm and a furrow width of 6~8cm. Sow the already germinated seeds evenly into the furrows according to different sizes, at 1m23~45g, cover with about 2cm of fine moist soil, and then cover with 1~2cm of sawdust or fine river sand to keep the soil loose and moist. Where conditions permit, plastic film can be covered to increase ground temperature, promote early germination, and produce good and complete seedlings.

5. Seedling stage management

After late March to early April in spring, seedlings emerge one after another. When the young seedlings grow to 5~6cm high and have 2~3 true leaves, combine with loosening the soil to thin out overly dense seedlings, and transplant as you thin, which makes it easy to survive. From late May to early June, they enter the first growth peak, and chemical fertilizer can be applied as a top dressing. From late June to early July is the second peak period of seedling growth, and a second top dressing should be carried out, combined with irrigation. Each time you apply top dressing, be careful that the fertilizer does not touch the young seedlings' branches and leaves, so as to avoid burning them.

Above, the editor has shared in detail with everyone the selection of hawthorn seeds and the seedling raising methods. Friends who want to grow hawthorn can refer to it. If you think this article is helpful to you, you can also save it.

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