How are betel nut seeds selected? What are the seedling cultivation methods?
When it comes to betel nut, many male friends probably love to chew it, especially for that strong aroma; many men are very fond of it. Eating some in moderation is fine, but eating too much has negative effects on the body. Even so, betel nut on the current market is selling like hotcakes. So how are betel nut seeds selected now? What are the seedling cultivation methods? Next, let the editor tell you!
1. How are betel nut seeds selected?
Generally, local Hainan varieties are used, and fruit types that are oval or long-ovoid are preferred. It is strictly forbidden to select seeds or purchase seedlings from betel nut yellowing vaccine areas. Choose local Hainan varieties about 20 years old as seed trees, and they should be robust in growth, with thick and uniform stems, uniform and short internodes, more than 8 green leaves, drooping leaf tips, more than 4 inflorescences per year, and high and stable annual fruit yield. For fruit clusters, it is best to choose the 2nd and 3rd clusters that are fully mature between May and June, with large and numerous fruits and uniform fruit size.
2. Betel nut seedling cultivation methods
1. Seed seedling cultivation method
For a betel nut seed nursery, choose a fertile sandy loam site with sufficient water, convenient irrigation, and shade from trees, or build a shade shed to increase shading. For seedling cultivation, plastic bags can be used, or a seedbed can be used. After harvest, the seeds are mostly sprouted before seedbed seedling cultivation.
2. Seedbed seedling cultivation
First loosen the soil with a hoe and make beds 1-1.2 m wide, then open holes at a spacing of 30 cm x 33 cm. Place the sprouted seeds into each hole, and cover with soil until the fruit is no longer visible. Cultivate 4000 plants per mu. After planting, water frequently to keep moist and maintain 60% shade. When the small leaves unfold, apply fertilizer once by scraping soil aside along the root zone and applying it in. Then cover with soil again and irrigate immediately. This helps roots grow quickly and avoids direct sun exposure. After that, pay attention every year to earthing up the soil, apply fertilizer 2-3 times, and increase the fertilizer concentration. At the same time, pay attention to weeding and controlling pests and diseases. After sowing, when the seedlings are 1-3 years old, 69-100 cm tall, and the stem base is slightly thickened, they can be planted out.
3. Plastic bag seedling cultivation method
This method has the advantages of a high germination rate, easy management, strong and uniform seedlings, less root damage during transplanting, and a high survival rate after planting out. The specific method is: use plastic film bags 20-30 cm high and 20-25 cm wide, punch 3-4 small holes in the bottom, first fill 2/3 with nutrient soil (mixed topsoil, red loam soil, and high-quality farmyard manure at a ratio of 1:1:1), then place in the sprouted seed. With the sprout point facing up, fill the bag with soil to the top, and sprinkle a thin layer of river sand at the bag opening to prevent compaction. After that, place the filled nutrient bags under a shade shed and water them, keep them moist during the seedling period, and appropriately apply some compound fertilizer aqueous solution. When the seedlings have more than 2-3 leaves, they can be planted out.
4. Method of cultivating seedlings by placing fruit directly into soil
This method is simple, easy to operate, and effective. That is, after washing the selected fruit clean with water, without sprouting, insert them one next to another directly into a loosened sandy loam layer after preparation, with the fruit stalk end facing up, protect the surroundings with a thick soil layer, cover the top with a thin 2 cm layer of sand, spray with insecticide, then cover with rice straw, water every 2-3 days to keep the soil layer moist, and after the seedlings emerge, topdress with compound fertilizer water. After 1-2 leaves grow, they can be divided into nutrient bags for seedling cultivation, or transplanted according to seedling size standards onto a prepared seedbed and cultivated until 1-2 m tall for transplanting.
After reading the above, everyone can know that for betel nut seeds, it is still better to choose local Hainan varieties about 20 years old, as this can produce higher-quality betel nut. From the above, it can be seen that there are still several betel nut seedling cultivation methods, and everyone can choose the method that suits them.
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