What varieties of kenaf seeds are there? What are the seedling raising methods?
Kenaf, also called ambary hemp, is an annual herbaceous crop native to Africa. Kenaf is a fast-growing renewable resource with a short growth period and simple management, and kenaf has broad economic value. It is mainly welcomed by the market for its technical fiber production. At present, kenaf is planted and distributed in China's Yangtze River basin, Huai River basin, Northeast, and even Northwest. So what varieties of kenaf seeds are there? What are the seedling raising methods? Let's learn about them together.
What varieties of kenaf seeds are there?
According to leaf type, there are two types: split-leaf type and whole-leaf type. In the leaf types, according to the highest number of lobes, there are three-lobed leaves, five-lobed leaves, seven-lobed leaves, etc.; the whole-leaf type, according to leaf blade shape, includes long ovate, ovate-round, nearly round, etc. According to stem color, they can be divided into green, faded red, red, purple-red, etc.
In addition, using the place of origin of the variety as the standard and classifying by the length of the whole growth period of kenaf, they are generally divided into extra early-maturing type (whole growth period below 120d), first-maturing type (121-150d), medium-maturing type (151-180d), late-maturing type (181-210d), and extremely late-maturing type (above 211d). This classification method can reflect the growth characteristics of the variety and determine the suitable planting range. At present, the kenaf varieties planted on a large scale in production in China mainly include the Xianghong kenaf series, Zhonghong kenaf series, Fuhong kenaf series, etc. These varieties and combinations are all split-leaf type.
What are the seedling raising methods?
1. Land preparation
Land preparation in the kenaf field should be done early rather than late. It is best to prepare the land about 20d before sowing, which is more conducive to the rooting of seedlings. During land preparation, the ground should be level, loose on top and firm below, with no clods.
2. Sowing
The sowing time should be determined comprehensively according to actual planting conditions. Generally, sowing is better when the soil temperature at 5cm below the surface is stable above 15°C. The sowing method should be changed from broadcast sowing to drill sowing. Drill sowing can use equidistant drill sowing (row spacing 26 - 33cm) or wide-narrow row drill sowing (wide row 40cm, narrow row 20cm). Sowing must strictly follow the principle of shallow sowing and shallow covering, and the sowing depth should not exceed 3cm.
3. Seedling stage management
① Thinning and final singling: Early thinning, leaving uniform seedlings, and timely final singling are important links in cultivating strong seedlings. Thinning is generally carried out 2 times. Before the kenaf seedlings show true leaves, remove seedlings that are too densely grown. When 2-3 true leaves appear and the seedlings are 4-5cm high, carry out the second thinning. When the seedlings are about 10cm high and 5- 6 true leaves appear, carry out final singling.
② Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding during the seedling stage play an important role in improving soil aeration, promoting root development, and encouraging strong seedlings to grow early. In southern China, kenaf generally undergoes 3-4 intertillages during the seedling stage, carried out in combination with thinning and final singling.
③ Water and fertilizer management: Seedling fertilizer should be applied lightly and frequently, generally applied twice. In southern China, spring is low-temperature and rainy, so during the seedling stage special attention should be paid to draining the kenaf field to prevent waterlogging.
Overall, the traditional use of kenaf is mainly to use its bast fiber for packaging textiles such as twine, rope, sacks, and burlap. Its varieties are very extensive, and choosing varieties suitable for local cultivation is conducive to promoting the development of the kenaf industry. In addition, mastering key seedling management techniques is the secret to increasing yield and income.
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