What varieties of elm seeds are there? What are the seedling cultivation methods?
Elm, also known as spring elm, white elm, etc., is a deciduous tree of the Ulmaceae family, native to China, mainly distributed in the Northeast, North China, Northwest and Southwest provinces and regions. The elm tree is tall with dense shade, often planted as a street tree or shade tree, and has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide and chlorine, making it an important tree species for urban greening. Not only that, but there are also a great many types of elm, with wide adaptability and rich value and uses. So what varieties of elm seeds are there? What are the seedling cultivation methods? Let's take a look together.
What varieties of elm seeds are there?
1. Weeping elm: many branches, grayish-white bark, umbrella-shaped crown, often used as a landscaping tree species. Mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning and Beijing.
2. American elm: a deciduous tree, up to 40 m tall, with a strong wood grain, generally planted only as an ornamental elm. Native to the United States, it is also cultivated in Jiangsu, Beijing and other places in China.
3. Big-fruit elm: a deciduous tree or shrub, up to 20 m tall, with heavy and hard wood, strong toughness and coarse texture, and can be used as timber for vehicles, furniture, etc. Mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces, Hebei, Shandong, northern Jiangsu, Shanxi, Gansu, eastern Qinghai and other places.
4. Drought elm: a deciduous tree or shrub, up to 18 m tall, tolerant of drought and cold, and can be used as a tree species for barren hill afforestation and shelterbelts in the Northwest region. Mainly distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxian and other provinces and regions.
5. Red-fruit elm: a deciduous tree, up to 28 m tall, whose bark fiber can be made into ropes and artificial cotton, and can be selected as a "four-side" greening and afforestation tree species in the lower Yangtze River plains and low hill areas. Mainly distributed in southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and central Sichuan.
6. Hairy elm: a deciduous tree, up to 25 m tall, similar in use to the big-fruit elm, and can also be used as an afforestation tree species in the limestone mountainous areas of northern Anhui. Mainly distributed in Langya Mountain, Chuzhou, Anhui, growing by streams or at the foot of limestone mountains, and also cultivated in the Nanjing area.
What are the seedling cultivation methods?
1. Sowing and seedling cultivation: in mid-April, collect seeds when the fruit turns from green to light yellow, dry them in the shade and sow them promptly, choose well-drained loam soil with deep soil layers, apply an appropriate amount of fertilizer, prepare the land and make beds, with a bed width of 1.5 m, use drilling, with a row spacing of 30-40 cm, cover with soil 1-1.5 cm after sowing, keep the seedbed moist, thin the seedlings once each when the seedlings are 3-5 cm and 10-15 cm tall, and weed in a timely manner.
2. Cutting and seedling cultivation: cuttings can be taken after leaf fall in autumn and before bud break in spring. Choose strong shoots of more than 0.5 cm, cut them into cuttings 15-20 cm long, and cut the base into a horseshoe shape near the bud eye, which is beneficial for rooting of the cuttings. The plant and row spacing for cuttings is 20 x 30 cm. The scion is slightly exposed above the ground, cover with soil and firm it, and water thoroughly.
In general, there are many types of elm, and there are also some varieties hybridized with other saplings. At present, there are about 50 or more types in China. Therefore, before planting elm, everyone must choose a suitable seed variety for sowing, and then combine it with scientific seedling cultivation techniques so that it grows vigorously.
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