What are the main types of fertilizer application machinery? A detailed introduction
Fertilizer application is indispensable in the agricultural planting process, and to improve the efficiency of fertilizer application, choosing various high-efficiency fertilizer application machines is undoubtedly the best choice. Fertilizer application machinery, as the name suggests, is used to spread various chemical fertilizers (granular fertilizer, liquid fertilizer), barnyard manure, manure, etc. in the field. So what types of fertilizer application machinery are there? What are their working characteristics? Let's find out together.
1. Manure spreaders
(1) Full-width fertilizer applicator: The basic feature of this fertilizer application machine is that it spreads fertilizer evenly across the full width of the machine. Its working principle can be divided into two categories: one is composed of multiple double-blade rotary disc fertilizer dischargers arranged laterally; the other spreads fertilizer along the entire width of the machine by means of chain fingers mounted on a chain that moves laterally.
(2) Pneumatic wide-width fertilizer spreader
The working principle of this type of fertilizer application machinery is roughly the same: it uses the high-speed airflow generated by a high-speed rotating fan, combined with mechanical fertilizer dischargers and nozzles, to spread chemical fertilizers and soil amendments such as lime over a large width and with high efficiency.
2. Seed fertilizer application machinery
Its working method is to install a fertilizer application device on the seeder, applying seed fertilizer at the same time as sowing. At present, most seeders in developed countries abroad are equipped with seed fertilizer application devices. For example, about 45% of grain drills and 60% of corn seeders in the United States are equipped with fertilizer application devices.
3. Liquid fertilizer application machinery
Liquid fertilizers can be divided into chemical liquid fertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers. Chemical liquid fertilizers have a strong corrosive effect on metals and are volatile. When applying them, take care to prevent volatilization, loss of fertilizer efficiency and burning of crops. Organic liquid fertilizer consists of human and livestock manure and urine as well as sewage. It often contains suspended solids or impurities. After fermentation treatment, it is diluted with water, filtered and then sprayed.
4. Chemical liquid fertilizer application machinery
The main varieties are liquid ammonia and ammonia water. Liquid ammonia is a colorless transparent liquid containing 82.3% nitrogen. It is an industrial raw material for manufacturing nitrogen fertilizer, priced 30-40% lower than solid chemical fertilizers, and has quick fertilizer efficiency and remarkable yield-increasing effects. Therefore, in developed countries, the application amount of liquid ammonia accounts for a considerable proportion of nitrogen fertilizer. However, because liquid ammonia must be kept liquid under high pressure (the vapor pressure of liquid ammonia at 46.1°C is 175kPa), it must be transported in high-pressure tanks. From leaving the factory, transportation, storage, to field application, a complete set of high-pressure facilities is required, and the investment cost is very high. Therefore, this type of fertilizer application machinery is greatly restricted in China and is not widely used.
5. Liquid manure application machinery
Liquid manure mainly refers to the mixture of human and livestock manure and urine and the liquid fertilizer from biogas digesters. It is an important source of organic fertilizer for agricultural production. Liquid manure applicators are divided into two types: pump type and self-priming type.
(1) Pump-type liquid manure spreader: used to pump liquid manure from the manure storage pit into the liquid tank, and after transporting it to the field, pressurize the liquid tank with a pump, or directly press out the liquid manure with a liquid pump.
(2) Self-priming liquid manure spreader: uses the exhaust gas discharged from the tractor engine to suck the liquid manure from the manure storage pit into the liquid tank through an ejector device, and then spread it. This liquid manure spreader has a simple structure and reliable use. It can not only improve efficiency but also benefit environmental sanitation.
Fertilizer application machinery is mainly used to apply base fertilizer before cultivation. Common types include barnyard manure spreaders, liquid fertilizer sprayers, chemical fertilizer spreaders, and so on. Different types of fertilizer application machinery have greatly different working characteristics and principles. Before use, be sure to carefully master the usage techniques and instructions.
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