What Are the Common Types of Mushrooms? A Detailed Guide in One Article

Mushrooms are widely distributed all over the earth, with as many as 36,000 species, and they are most abundant in forest litter zones. Edible mushrooms are an ideal natural food or multifunctional food. To date, the most widely consumed edible mushroom in the world is scientifically named Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as the button mushroom. So what are the common types of mushrooms?

1. White mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

The white mushroom is often called the common cultivated mushroom or button mushroom in countries such as Europe and the United States. It is a mushroom cultivated and consumed worldwide, and it is also the most widely eaten mushroom variety in the world.

2. Shiitake (Lentinula edodes)

Shiitake is the second-largest edible fungus in the world and one of China's specialties. It has a strong aroma and a delicate texture, and has long enjoyed the reputation of king of mountain delicacies. Whether fresh shiitake is stir-fried with meat or dried shiitake is used to make soup, it can enhance the umami flavor of a dish, making it extremely popular.

3. Straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea)

The straw mushroom is the third-largest cultivated edible fungus in the world, and China's straw mushroom output ranks first in the world. The straw mushroom gets its name because it grows in moist, rotting rice straw. It has thick flesh, a short and smooth stalk, and an extremely fresh taste, and it is a delicious edible fungus with anti-cancer and cancer-fighting properties.

4. Enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes)

The enoki mushroom gets its name because its stalk is slender and resembles the golden needle vegetable. Enoki mushrooms are soft and delicate with a fragrant aroma, and eating them can strengthen the body's immunity. In addition, enoki mushrooms are high in arginine, tryptophan, and lysine, and regular consumption by children can enhance children's intelligence and promote growth and development.

5. Lion's mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus)

Lion's mane mushroom is a famous edible fungus in China that serves as both medicine and food, and it gets its name because its overall shape resembles a monkey's head. Lion's mane mushroom is dry in flavor and neutral in nature, and has the function of benefiting the five internal organs and aiding digestion. Patients with gastrointestinal diseases will benefit greatly from eating more lion's mane mushroom.

6. Tea tree mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita)

The tea tree mushroom is an edible fungus used both as medicine and food. Its cap is tender, its stalk is somewhat crisp, and its taste is delicious. It gets its name because wild tea tree mushrooms grow on the dead trunks of oil tea trees. Tea tree mushrooms are rich in nutrients and high in protein, especially containing 8 kinds of amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize on its own, so eating them is extremely beneficial.

7. Bamboo fungus (Phallus indusiatus)

Bamboo fungus is also known as bamboo ginseng. The common edible bamboo fungi include four types: long-skirted bamboo fungus, short-skirted bamboo fungus, spiny-wrapped bamboo fungus, and red-wrapped bamboo fungus. It is a cryptogamic fungus parasitic at the base of dead bamboo, and because of its beautiful appearance it also has the reputation of "flower of mountain delicacies" and "queen of fungi."

8. Porcini (Boletus)

Porcini are wild edible mushrooms, and apart from a very few poisonous ones, most can be eaten. There are mainly three types: white, yellow, and black porcini, and the white porcini in particular is delicious and extremely rich in nutrients. Porcini have thick flesh, sturdy stalks, a sweet taste, and rich nutrition, making them a famous edible mushroom loved by everyone.

9. King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)

The king oyster mushroom is a rare new edible mushroom variety that combines food, medicinal, and therapeutic uses. This mushroom gets its name because it has the aroma of almonds and the texture of abalone. It has a delicate fragrance and rich nutrition, can be paired with other foods to cook dozens of delicious dishes, and also has the effect of lowering blood lipids and cholesterol, so it is deeply loved by consumers.

10. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

The oyster mushroom is the most common fungus on the Chinese market. Although its price is low, its nutrition is very rich. Not only is its fat content extremely low, but eating it regularly can also strengthen the constitution, prevent cardiovascular diseases, and have a significant effect on menopausal syndrome in women.

The above is an introduction to the common types of mushrooms. Mushrooms are delicious and rich in nutrients, containing essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins, polysaccharides, and other nutrients. They are a high-protein, low-fat nutritious and health-care food, and are favored by many consumers.

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