How to choose a fermentation bed for pig farming? The returns of different fermentation beds vary greatly

The first-generation old contact-type fermentation bed pig farming has both pros and cons, and people generally dare not use it anymore because it has many problems; the second generation is the non-contact fermentation bed, which is relatively stable, has a relatively wide range of bedding sources, and correspondingly lower bedding costs; the third-generation fermentation bed technology is the independent fermentation bed. If it is used only for pig farms with fewer than 1000 pigs, it is very good, flexible, and can achieve completely zero emissions, and very easily.

Now, when using fermentation beds to raise ecological pigs, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three types of fermentation beds (contact, non-contact, independent)?

1. Contact fermentation bed

This is the earliest fermentation bed, the original form of fermentation bed technology that appeared when this technology was just starting out. It should be said that it has already been eliminated. Its disadvantage is frequent disease, which cannot be controlled. Especially for pigs, it is strongly recommended not to use contact fermentation beds anymore, as there are too many problems.

First, pigs have the habit of defecating and urinating at fixed spots, and this habit cannot be changed, causing dead beds and inability to decompose manure in areas of concentrated excretion, as well as excessively concentrated moisture, etc. Although pigs have the habit of rooting through bedding, it is still not enough to make up for this shortcoming;

Second, parasitic diseases occur frequently, especially nematodes. Once manure appears cement-like, it can be judged as nematode infection. Fenbendazole and albendazole can be used for treatment, but it is very difficult to prevent and control;

Third, mutual transmission of diseases, bacteria, viruses, etc. is very difficult to control;

Fourth, the choice of bedding is limited. Only inert raw materials can be used, with a mix of coarse and fine materials, strong water absorption, and a certain stiffness so that it is not easily trampled compact;

Fifth, the bedding is prone to mold, causing incidents of mold toxin poisoning;

At present, contact fermentation beds are only used for chickens, because chickens are also accustomed to raking the bedding, and chickens excrete in a scattered manner. Therefore, using fermentation beds for raising broiler chickens is somewhat better. Some people are still using them, and the success rate is relatively high.

2. Non-contact fermentation bed

This was developed on the basis of the contact fermentation bed, and was developed by drawing lessons from the lessons and shortcomings of the contact fermentation bed. Obviously, it has several advantages that solve the shortcomings of the contact fermentation bed.

First: an automated mechanical turning and raking system can be directly used to evenly decompose the excrement of pigs and other animals. Since the turning and raking machine system is separated from the animals, it is very easy to operate and will not affect the pigs. Because turning and raking are separated, the noise impact is not great, and it will not cause animal stress;

Second: because there is no contact, there will be no mutual infection of parasites, and no mutual infection of bacteria and viruses, but this problem still exists, for example, infection through aerosols through the air, but at least it is much better;

Third: the selection range of bedding is much wider. Some non-inert raw materials such as corn stalks, edible mushroom bran, and other plant residues and crop residues can all be used. There is no fear of mold and deterioration because they do not come into contact with the animals;

Fourth: in terms of operation, it saves much more labor and effort, can realize mechanical operation, and when the bedding reaches the end of its service life, discharging the material is also much more convenient.

3. Independent fermentation bed

This is the latest generation of fermentation bed treatment technology developed on the basis of the non-contact fermentation bed.

It has even been used by a large number of large companies, but at present, it is also recommended to be suitable for pig farms with fewer than 1000 pigs on hand. A 1000-pig farm produces about 10 tons of manure and sewage per day. According to our experience, if the amount of manure and sewage accounts for 5% of the bedding volume per day of treatment, then 200 cubic meters of bedding is needed. If spread to a thickness of 75 cm, then only a greenhouse area of 300 sq m is needed for treatment. The independent fermentation bed has many advantages. It overcomes all the shortcomings of the above two fermentation bed methods, and also overcomes the shortcoming of infection by bacteria, viruses, and mold toxins through the air, and it can be operated in a centralized way. The problem that needs to be solved is that the turning and raking machine must be suitable for deep plowing, that is, when the bedding thickness reaches 75 cm, it must be able to deep-plow and deep-turn all the way to the bottom. The earliest turning and raking machines easily derailed, that is, during the turning and raking process, the bedding would push up the turning and raking machinery and push up the shaft, causing phenomena such as runaway speeds, but using fixed and firmly secured tracks can solve this problem. Some farmers also solve this problem by placing large stones on top of the turning and raking machine.

Therefore, with the updating and replacement of fermentation bed technology, the advantages of fermentation bed pig farming compared with traditional pig farming methods have become more and more obvious.