What Temperature Kills Hydatid Worms? Detailed Explanation of Elimination Methods
Hydatid disease is caused by the larvae of Echinococcus tapeworms parasitizing the bodies of humans and animals, commonly known as hydatid disease. Hydatid worms mainly come from the excrement of animals. What temperature kills hydatid worms? How to kill hydatid worms? The high-incidence endemic areas of hydatid disease in China are mainly concentrated in alpine meadow regions and cold, arid pastoral areas and semi-agricultural semi-pastoral areas with little rain, with Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shanxi and northern Sichuan being more severely affected.
There are mainly two types of hydatid disease: cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, caused respectively by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid cyst) and the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar hydatid) parasitizing human tissues and organs. The worm body is pale red, 10-50 cm long. Mature proglottids are 7 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, elongated oval in shape, resembling cucumber seeds in appearance. Each mature proglottid contains two sets of male and female reproductive organs, seriously endangering livestock and human health.
What temperature kills hydatid worms? How to kill hydatid worms?
Physical disinfection methods for hydatid worms: 1) High-pressure steam sterilization: typically using 98.066 kPa pressure and 121-126°C temperature for 10-15 minutes, which can kill hepatitis viruses of all types; using a steamer or household pressure cooker, after steam appears and the valve is closed, 20 minutes is sufficient to achieve the disinfection effect and kill hydatid worms. 2) Boiling disinfection: boiling at 100°C for one minute can render hepatitis B, C, D, E and A viruses inactive and non-infectious; boiling for more than 15-20 minutes can kill hepatitis viruses of all types. Kills hydatid worms.
This method is suitable for disinfecting tableware, nursing utensils and cotton fabrics. As for plastic products, synthetic fibers and fur products, it is not suitable. Benzalkonium bromide and chlorhexidine (Hibitane) are not certain; domiphen bromide, Lysol, carbolic acid, rice vinegar and fumigated vinegar have no effect on hepatitis B virus. In addition, leftover rice and food from hepatitis patients should preferably be boiled and disinfected before being discarded.
Living Habits of Hydatid Worms
The life cycle of hydatid worms must depend on two species of mammalian hosts to complete. It goes through three stages: egg, hydatid cyst and adult worm.
Adult hydatid worms parasitize the small intestine of canids (such as pet dogs, wolves, wild dogs, dholes, etc.) and felids, and gravid proglottids or eggs are expelled with feces; the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus are ingested by intermediate hosts of ungulates (such as sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, camels) and develop into hydatid cysts, while Echinococcus multilocularis is ingested by rodents and lagomorphs and develops into hydatid cysts (also called alveolar hydatids); hydatid cysts develop in the liver, lungs and other organs. Humans become infected through contact with hosts, causing hydatid cysts to form space-occupying lesions in the liver, lungs and other organs; after being swallowed by the definitive host dog, hydatid cysts develop into adult worms in the dog's small intestine. Echinococcus granulosus mainly circulates among livestock in areas with more developed animal husbandry; Echinococcus granulosus has multiple intermediate hosts, mainly ungulate livestock (for example, sheep, goats, pigs, camels, horses, cattle); Echinococcus multilocularis mainly circulates among wild animals such as rodents and lagomorphs, and its main intermediate hosts are pikas, Qinghai voles, etc.
Infection Routes of Hydatid Disease
Epidemic characteristics and epidemic links of hydatid disease include main sources of infection, and infected dogs, foxes, (1> Sources of hydatid infection: infected dogs, wolves and cats are the sources of infection for alveolar echinococcosis; wolves and foxes are the sources of infection for cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease). (2) Infection routes and modes of hydatid disease: hydatid disease is transmitted through ingestion of eggs; intermediate hosts include humans, ungulates, rodents, etc. The main route of infection is oral ingestion. Human infection is mainly through drinking water and dietary habits. (3) Susceptible populations for hydatid disease: people of different races and genders are all susceptible to hydatid cysts. People engaged in pastoral production, hunting and fur processing are high-risk groups.
What Are the Main Harms of Hydatid Disease
The direct harm caused by hydatid disease to the human body is mainly mechanical compression and toxic effects. The degree of harm is closely related to the parasitic site, size, number, nature and complications of the hydatid cyst.
In the early stage, hydatid disease patients have no obvious symptoms or signs. As time passes, the hydatid cyst gradually enlarges and begins to compress surrounding tissues and organs, causing symptoms: hepatic hydatid disease often causes dull pain in the liver area, bearing-down distension and discomfort, upper abdominal fullness, poor appetite, etc.; a huge hepatic hydatid cyst can elevate the diaphragm and compress the lungs, causing breathing difficulty. Pulmonary hydatid disease is often accompanied by dull or sharp chest pain; a huge pulmonary hydatid cyst can cause dry cough due to compression of the bronchi, and can also cause chest tightness and shortness of breath due to compression of lung tissue. Hydatid disease of other organs such as the brain, kidneys and heart has even more serious consequences.
1. Hydatid infection: after secondary infection, a hydatid cyst can form an abscess, with systemic inflammatory response and toxemic symptoms such as chills and fever, often accompanied by jaundice, cough, anemia, emaciation, etc.
2. Hydatid rupture: the main cause of rupture is external compression, followed by local vibration, infectious perforation and spontaneous rupture, etc. (1) Rupture into the biliary tract: after a hepatic hydatid cyst ruptures into the biliary tract, the cyst fluid pouring into the hepatic duct causes severe biliary colic and chills with high fever, often with secondary infection. If daughter cysts or endocyst fragments block the biliary tract, obstructive jaundice can occur, often forming acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis.
3. Hematogenous metastasis: protoscolices or shed tissues and fragments of alveolar hydatids can enter the bloodstream and cause hydatid disease in other organs, especially secondary pulmonary hydatid disease and cerebral hydatid disease metastasized from hepatic hydatid disease, which are the most common.
4. Portal hypertension: huge hepatic hydatid cysts often coexist with portal hypertension, specifically manifested as enlargement of the liver and spleen, ascites, edema, abdominal wall varicose veins, exhaustion, emaciation, etc.
In summary, human hydatid disease causes extremely serious harm to human health, brings extremely heavy suffering to patients, and at the same time seriously restricts the process of poverty alleviation and becoming prosperous, and can even lead to poverty or relapse into poverty due to illness. Hydatid disease in livestock causes major losses to the regional economy because it hinders livestock production, and the development of emerging regional tourism is also affected by the high incidence and epidemic of hydatid disease.