What are the common diseases and pests in aquaculture? Detailed explanation of prevention and control methods
In July, air and water temperatures continue to rise, and aquaculture enters the peak production season. Aquatic animals feed and metabolize vigorously, and leftover bait, feces, and other waste can easily cause the concentration of organic matter and toxic and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the aquaculture water to exceed standards. The dissolved oxygen content in the water is low, affecting the water environment. At the same time, July is also a season with frequent thunderstorms.So what diseases and pests occur in aquaculture? How to prevent and control them?
1. Disease and pest predictions
1. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): susceptible to grass carp hemorrhagic disease, bacterial gill rot, red skin disease, enteritis, wheel worms, Ichthyophthirius (white spot disease), Dactylogyrus, tapeworms, Lernaea (anchor worms), etc.
2. Silver carp and bighead carp: susceptible to bacterial septicemia, print disease, enteritis, Ichthyophthirius, Lernaea, Sinergasilus, fish lice, Dactylogyrus, tapeworms, etc.
3. Common carp and crucian carp: susceptible to bacterial septicemia, bacterial gill rot, scale protrusion disease, Ichthyophthirius, tapeworms, Dactylogyrus, Lernaea, etc. For gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), great vigilance should be paid to the occurrence of “gill bleeding” disease.
2. Prevention and control measures
1. Strictly control the quality of fry and fingerlings: do not introduce fry from epidemic areas, do not introduce diseased fry, strictly carry out quarantine, block the transmission routes of pathogens, and do a good job of disinfecting ponds and fry.
2. Strengthen water quality regulation: monitor water quality indicators well, increase oxygen in a timely manner, use water quality improvers at the appropriate time to adjust pond water quality, and regularly remove leftover bait, feces, and animal carcasses to avoid the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen and a good water environment, and prevent fish from surfacing for air.
3. Feed bait reasonably: this season is the peak season for aquaculture production. According to weather, water temperature, and other conditions, master the appropriate feeding amount, reduce leftover bait, adhere to the “four fixed” principles, ensure a sufficient source of high-quality bait, and regularly add anti-inflammatory and liver-protecting medicinal bait that improves immunity to the bait to enhance the disease resistance of the fish.
4. Standardize medication: once disease occurs and drug treatment is needed, choose national-standard fishery drugs and use them scientifically according to the instructions.
5. Disinfect regularly and pay attention to regulating water quality: use disinfectants such as quicklime and chlorine dioxide for disinfection; change water or add fresh water at the appropriate time, strengthen water quality management; regularly use microbial preparations to regulate water quality and inhibit pathogenic organisms.