How Pig Farms Can Achieve Environmental Protection, Handle Pig Manure and Wastewater, and Complete the Opening Procedures

Pork is an essential ingredient on many people's dining tables, so our country's pork market is also very good, and as a result quite a few pig farms have been built. For farmers, how should a pig farm achieve environmental protection? How should pig manure and wastewater be handled? What procedures are required to open one? These are all issues that must be considered, especially now that the environmental protection tax has been introduced.

I. How should a pig farm achieve environmental protection?

1. The site selection of the pig farm must be compliant, legal and reasonable: do not build a pig farm in a prohibited farming zone.

2. The pig farm's procedures and equipment must be complete:

(1) Legal procedures approved by the local government;

(2) Use of production premises and supporting production facilities appropriate to the scale of raising;

(3) Possession of epidemic prevention conditions that meet the regulations and of animal husbandry and veterinary technical personnel;

(4) Possession of facilities and equipment for treating excrement and solid waste;

(5) The pig farm must meet certain other conditions stipulated by the laws and regulations of our country.

II. How should pig manure and wastewater from a pig farm be handled?

Handling of pig manure:

1. Pig manure can be used as fertilizer and returned to the fields: returning pig manure to the fields plays an important role in improving soil and raising agricultural yields. The method of returning pig manure and wastewater to the fields is directly related to the manure cleaning process. In some countries around the world, pig farming uses water-flush manure cleaning, in which the manure water is fermented and then applied with a tank truck during sowing or buried in cultivated land with special machinery. In pig farming using the dry manure cleaning method, the manure can be treated through the self-purification of the soil; while the soil obtains fertilizer, it also purifies the manure, saving treatment costs.

2. Pig manure composting by decomposition: during the decomposition of pig manure, the temperature can reach 50-70°C, killing most microorganisms, parasite eggs and weed seeds in the manure. The treated fertilizer has low water content and no odor, is a slow-release fertilizer, and is safe and convenient to use. A simple composting method is: on a concrete floor or on ground covered with plastic film, or in a concrete trough, pile the mixed material into long strips, 1.5-2.0 m high and 1.5-3.0 m wide, with the length determined by the site.

3. Pig manure for biogas power generation and gas fuel: manure and wastewater can be used to produce biogas. Biogas is a mixed gas produced by anaerobic microorganisms (mainly methane bacteria) decomposing carbon-containing organic matter in the manure. Biogas is an energy source and can be used for lighting, as fuel, for power generation, etc. The fermented biogas residue can be used as fertilizer, and the biogas slurry can be discharged into fish ponds for biological treatment.

4. Pig manure as feed for aquatic plants: use organic wastewater to grow aquatic feed such as water hyacinth and azolla. Water hyacinth tolerates high-concentration manure water, while azolla tolerates medium-concentration manure water. High-concentration organic manure water can be absorbed and purified in a water hyacinth pond after 7 to 8 days.

Wastewater treatment:

1. According to the wastewater quality characteristics and drainage conditions of the pig farm, a solid-liquid separation stage is set up at the front end of the wastewater treatment process, so as to facilitate the preliminary separation of manure and wastewater and reduce the amount of wastewater to be treated. The separated manure and the manure removed manually are piled and fermented, then processed into organic fertilizer for sale.

2. The separated wastewater flows by gravity into a grit chamber and an equalization tank. After sedimentation, acidification and equalization adjustment, part of the hydrolyzed sludge is removed to a sludge drying bed. The wastewater is lifted by pump into an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for first-stage biochemical treatment, producing biogas for power generation, canteen cooking, heating, etc. After the settled sludge is dried in the sludge drying bed, it is sent to the composting yard to be piled and fermented together with the manually removed manure, and used as compound fertilizer.

III. What procedures are required to open a pig farm?

1. To open a pig farm, one must first obtain the Animal Epidemic Prevention Condition Qualification Certificate, and the pig farm site selection must comply with the regulations.

2. The factory area must have good lighting and ventilation equipment and facilities, and must have disinfection and epidemic prevention facilities and equipment.

3. The pig farm must have harmless treatment and sewage and waste treatment equipment appropriate to the scale of production;

4. Management and staff must meet the relevant conditions, and a land use certificate must also be obtained.

Some professional knowledge comes from the internet