Detailed Explanation of Key Points and Management Methods for Cow Breeding Technology

Cows should be fed 2-3 times a day and given water 3 times. The drinking water should be clean and fresh, and the water temperature in winter should not be lower than 15°C. Do not feed moldy or spoiled feed. In terms of management, brushing and exercise should be strengthened. Especially for first-calf cows, in addition to brushing, udder massage should be carried out to facilitate suckling by the calf after calving.

1. Management in Late Gestation

In the late gestation period of cows, that is, the 6th-9th month of pregnancy, the fetus grows rapidly and requires more nutrients from the mother. At the same time, the cow also needs to accumulate certain nutrients in the body to ensure lactation after calving. At this time, the daily ration should be prepared according to feeding standards, and should be based mainly on green feed, with an appropriate amount of concentrate. For the concentrate, choose locally abundant agricultural and sideline products, such as wheat bran, cottonseed cake, distillers' grains and other residues, and then add a small amount of grain feed such as corn. Special attention should be paid to the supplementation of minerals and vitamins.

2. Feeding Management During the Perinatal Period

Adjust feeding according to the expected calving date and make preparations for calving assistance. When a pregnant cow is given a relatively large amount of concentrate, the amount of concentrate should be appropriately controlled 2-3 days before the expected calving date, and the proportion of wheat bran in the concentrate can be increased somewhat, while salt should be reduced and sugar beet pulp, distillers' grains and the like should not be fed. Feed high-quality hay.

3. Feeding Management During Lactation

If cows are fed comprehensively after calving, especially when the feed is sufficient in protein, minerals and vitamins, and combined with reasonable exercise, the uterus of the cow will recover quickly. Generally, the external opening of the cervix closes 4 weeks after calving, and complete recovery is achieved at around 40 days, at which point estrus and mating occur. Beef cattle have a relatively high conception rate 60-90 days after calving. Therefore, feeding should be strengthened one month before calving and two months after calving, with supplemental feed, so that the cow conceives again within 80 days after calving, ensuring one calf per cow per year, thereby improving the reproductive survival rate of cows, reducing feeding costs, and raising the economic benefits of cattle raising.