Key Points and Detailed Methods of Freshwater Shrimp Farming Techniques
Freshwater shrimp farming techniques
The shrimp pond area should preferably be 1000-5000 sq m; 20-30 days before stocking shrimp fry, drain the pond water and use 75 kg of quicklime per mu, or bleaching powder, bleaching concentrate and other chemicals, to thoroughly clean and disinfect the pond; when the water temperature is stable above 20°C, stock shrimp fry with a size above 1.5 cm and a survival rate above 75%; feeding should mainly use artificial compound pellet feed with a crude protein content of 35-40%; keep the pond water “fertile, lively, tender and refreshing” with a transparency of 30-40 cm and a pH value of 7-8.
1. Pond preparation
The shrimp pond area should preferably be 1000-5000 sq m, with an effective depth of 1.5-2.0 m, a flat pond bottom, fresh water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, good water retention, and relatively steep surrounding slopes; at the same time, build anti-escape facilities well.
2. Pond cleaning and disinfection
20-30 days before stocking shrimp fry, drain the pond water, remove excess silt, repair the pond embankments, and use 75 kg of quicklime per mu, or bleaching powder, bleaching concentrate and other chemicals, to thoroughly clean and disinfect the pond.
3. Aquatic plant cultivation
After pond disinfection, plant plants such as water spinach, alligator weed and eelgrass along the 70 cm water level line on the pond slopes around the pond to form grass belts; the grass belts are about 1 m wide with a plant spacing of 0.2 m, accounting for about 15-20% of the total pond area.
4. Fry and seed stocking
When the water temperature of the shrimp pond is stable above 20°C, shrimp fry can be stocked; it is best to stock juvenile shrimp that have been intermediately cultivated in greenhouses or warm sheds and have a size above 1.5 cm and a survival rate above 75%, with a stocking rate of 20,000-25,000 fry per mu.
5. Feed feeding
The feeding habit of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is omnivorous with a preference for animal food, so feed feeding should mainly use artificial compound pellet feed with a crude protein content of 35-40%, and appropriately supplement with some chopped small miscellaneous fish, snail meat, mussel meat and other fresh live feed.
6. Water quality management
Shrimp ponds should pay attention to water quality management, keeping the pond water “fertile, lively, tender and refreshing” with a transparency of 30-40 cm, a pH value of 7-8, and dissolved oxygen not lower than 1 mg/L; if the water quality is acidic, quicklime can be splashed regularly to adjust it.
7. Daily management
Persist in patrolling the pond in the morning and evening, observe shrimp feeding, molting, growth and other activities, pay attention to changes in water quality and water temperature, promptly remove residual feed and debris from the water, keep patrol records, and deal with diseases promptly when found.
8. Timely harvesting
When Macrobrachium rosenbergii is raised until September, most prawns reach 60 prawns/kg and can be harvested in batches for market; in order not to damage small shrimp, a seine with a mesh of 30-32 cm can be used to catch large ones and leave small ones, generally yielding more than 200 kg of adult shrimp per mu.