What are the main side effects of florfenicol?
Florfenicol is a drug suitable for poultry infected with bacterial diseases. Although its therapeutic effect is relatively good, there are also many precautions when using it. So, what are the side effects of florfenicol?
1. Side effects of florfenicol
Florfenicol has an immunosuppressive effect and can easily cause recombination of cellular gene chains, leading to a decline in the body's resistance. It also has embryotoxicity, so it should be used with caution in livestock during pregnancy and lactation. This product is mainly used for bacterial diseases in cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, chickens and fish caused by susceptible bacteria.
2. Precautions for using florfenicol
1. This product should not be used in combination with macrolides, lincosamides and the diterpenoid semi-synthetic antibiotic tiamulin, as antagonism may occur when used together.
2. This product must not be used in combination with β-lactams (such as penicillins and cephalosporins) or fluoroquinolones (such as enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, etc.), because this product is a fast-acting bacteriostatic agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, while the latter are fast-acting bactericidal agents that act during the reproductive phase. Under the action of the former, bacterial protein synthesis is rapidly inhibited, bacteria stop growing and reproducing, and the bactericidal effect of the latter is weakened. Therefore, when treatment requires a rapid bactericidal effect, they must not be used together.
3. This product cannot be mixed with sulfadiazine sodium for intramuscular injection. When administered orally or intramuscularly, it should not be combined with alkaline drugs to avoid decomposition and loss of efficacy. It is also not suitable for mixed intravenous injection with tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, etc., to avoid precipitation and reduced efficacy.
4. Intramuscular injection may cause muscle degeneration and necrosis. Therefore, deep intramuscular injection can be alternated between the neck and buttocks, and repeated injection at the same site should be avoided.
5. Because this product may have embryotoxicity, it should be used with caution in livestock during pregnancy and lactation. It is prohibited for poultry during the laying period.
6. In the prevention and treatment of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), some people recommend using florfenicol with amoxicillin, florfenicol with tylosin, or florfenicol with tiamulin. This method is inappropriate because, from a pharmacological perspective, the two should not be used in combination. However, florfenicol can be used in combination with tetracyclines, such as doxycycline.
7. This product has hematological toxicity. Although it will not cause irreversible bone marrow aplastic anemia, the reversible inhibition of red blood cell production it causes is more common than that of chloramphenicol. It is prohibited for animals during vaccination or with severe immune function defects. 8. This product has a relatively strong immunosuppressive effect, about 6 times stronger than chloramphenicol.
9. Long-term use may cause digestive dysfunction and symptoms of vitamin deficiency or superinfection.
10. When preventing and treating pig diseases, one should be careful and administer according to the prescribed dose and course of treatment. It must not be abused, so as to avoid adverse consequences.
11. Sick animals with renal insufficiency should have the dose reduced or the dosing interval extended.
12. When administering the drinking-water formulation, pay attention to the mixing concentration. During medication, only drinking water containing the drug should be used as the sole water source for livestock and poultry. 13. This product is an animal-specific drug and does not create cross-resistance with humans. When used within the therapeutic dose, it has no toxic side effects. It is harmless to the environment. The U.S. FDA stipulates a withdrawal period of 28 days. Relevant regulations of China's Ministry of Agriculture (provisional): 30 days for livestock and poultry; 10 days for broilers; 7 days for aquatic products; pigs of different ages and weights may all use it, but it is best not to use it in finishing pigs, and it must not be used for a long time, so as to avoid drug residues.
The above is the relevant introduction to florfenicol. I hope it can help everyone.