Detailed tutorial on the latest rose cultivation techniques and methods
The rose belongs to the order Rosales, family Rosaceae, a deciduous shrub with many prickles on the branches, odd-pinnate compound leaves, leaflets 5-9 in number, elliptical, with dense white tomentum and marginal prickles on the underside. The petals are obovate, double to semi-double, the flowers are purplish red and white, the fruiting period is August-September, and the fruit is oblate.
Soil preparation
The rose is a perennial woody plant with a long production cycle; a cutting seedling planted once can be harvested for 3-4 years, and a grafted seedling can be harvested for 5—6 years. To obtain high quality, high yield and high benefit from cut flowers, the soil for planting roses must have good physical and chemical properties during the cultivation period. It is best to choose a loamy clay soil with a low groundwater table and loose, well-aerated texture; the soil needs to be rich in organic matter, preferably with a content of more than 10%. The soil pH is around 6.5. Soil improvement should be combined with the preparation of the planting beds; by deep plowing and applying large amounts of organic fertilizer, the soil's permeability and water- and fertilizer-holding capacity are improved and maintained over the long term, promoting long-term good growth of the rose root system. Organic fertilizers for soil improvement can include cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, bone meal, leaf mold, compost and so on.
The planting beds should be made with a bed surface width of 0.9m, a walkway bottom width of 0.5m, and a bed height of 0.5m, and the bed surface should be level. After the planting beds are made, the soil pH and EC values need to be checked again and adjusted with fertilizer, acid or alkali, so that the pH value is adjusted to around 6.5 and the EC value to 0.8~1.2mS/cm; if the EC value is less than 0.8, adjust it with fertilizer, and if the EC value is greater than 1.2, it can be leached with water. Install drip irrigation in advance.
Cultivation method and planting
Rose production mostly adopts the bent-shoot cultivation method; the cultivation pattern is single-bed, double-row planting, with a plant spacing of 12cm, a row spacing of 50cm, and 5000—6000 plants per mu. In greenhouse cultivation, planting can be done all year round; when planting, plant along a stretched line to ensure that the seedlings in the planting rows are straight, which facilitates management. The planting depth should be slightly deeper than the cutting depth, but the soil must not cover the main bud of the seedling. Seedlings from modern factory production have a short acclimatization period and establish quickly.
After planting, water thoroughly in time to set the roots; when planting in hot weather, pay attention to shading and cooling and spray water on the leaves. Within one week after planting, fully ensure that the root-zone soil and topsoil are moist, spray water on the leaves during the day, and provide appropriate shading; after 7 days, gradually reduce the amount of leaf spraying, but keep the topsoil moist, and spray fungicides such as carbendazim or chlorothalonil once for disease control; after 15 days, gradually reduce the amount of soil watering, and thereafter water in good time according to the wet and dry condition of the soil, keeping the soil moist, and begin using the drip irrigation system; after 30 days, enter normal management.