The Latest Technical Methods and Tutorial for Preventing and Controlling Pests and Diseases of Stock (Matthiola incana)

Stock (Matthiola incana) originated in southern Europe and along the Mediterranean coast. It is often introduced and cultivated in large cities in southern China, and in the north it is planted in garden flower beds or greenhouses for ornamental purposes. During cultivation and planting it often suffers from the harm of pests and diseases. Its main diseases include stock fusarium wilt, stock verticillium wilt, stock white rust and stock mosaic virus. Let's take a look together below!

Downy Mildew

[Symptoms] Stock downy mildew was found in Shanghai Zhongshan Park. It causes leaves to wilt and droop, and even the whole plant to die. On the surface of affected leaves, light green spots appear, which later turn yellow, with no obvious margin, and become angular due to restriction by the leaf veins. On the corresponding underside of the leaves, a white downy layer grows. Young shoots and all parts of the flowers can also be infected, causing the plant to become dwarfed or deformed. The pathogen overwinters as oospores in the soil and in the residual tissues of diseased plants. In the following spring it begins to germinate and carry out primary infection. Sowing too densely and poor drainage make severe disease likely.

[Control Methods] Avoid prolonged continuous cropping and promptly remove diseased plants. The new fungicide test-produced by Shanghai Pesticide Factory, ethyl sulfite a3, is used at a concentration of 2-3 grams of the product added to each liter of water.

Fusarium Wilt

[Symptoms] Fusarium wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The main symptoms are the plant becoming shorter and wilting. On the leaves of young plants, obvious vein patterns appear, and on larger plants it causes symptoms such as leaf drooping.

[Control Methods] Seeds can be soaked in warm water at 50-55 degrees C for 10 minutes, which can kill the pathogens carried by the seeds. The soil used for planting stock should be disinfected before reuse. As a chemical treatment, a 1000-fold potassium permanganate solution can be used. If severely infected plants are found, they should be immediately pulled up and burned to prevent transmission to other healthy plants.

Verticillium Wilt

[Symptoms] The symptoms are yellowing and wilting of the lower leaves of the plant. Diseased plants become severely dwarfed, and the vascular bundle tissue rapidly discolors.

[Control Methods] Same as for stock fusarium wilt.

Stock White Rust

[Symptoms] Caused by white rust. After the stock plant is infected, the diseased parts turn yellow and later turn brown. Chain-like colorless spores are produced beneath the leaf epidermis.

[Control Methods] Stock white rust is also very damaging on other cruciferous plants. If stock is placed together with other cruciferous plants, they can infect each other, so cruciferous weeds should be eradicated and the plants should be isolated from other cruciferous plants. Before disease occurs on stock plants, a 3-4 degree Baume lime sulfur mixture should be sprayed for prevention. During the growing season, according to the disease situation, spray 65% zineb wettable powder at 500-600 times dilution, or 250-300 times dilution of sodium rust-remover for control.

Mosaic Virus

[Symptoms] Mosaic virus is caused by turnip mosaic virus, also known as cabbage virus No. 1. It is transmitted by 40-50 species of aphids, mainly green peach aphids and cabbage aphids, and can also be spread through sap. This virus can harm many cruciferous plants and other non-cruciferous plants. Therefore, it should be isolated from these plants.

Page break symbol [Control Methods] Isolate from other virus-source plants and promptly eliminate aphids. As chemical treatments, a plant-based insecticide, 1.2% nicotine anabasine, at 2000-4000 times dilution, or a systemic agent, 10% imidacloprid, at 2000 times dilution, can be sprayed for control.