Detailed tutorial on the latest cultivation techniques and methods for king oyster mushroom
King oyster mushroom, also known as Pleurotus eryngii, is a rare new edible mushroom variety successfully developed and cultivated in recent years that combines food, medicinal and dietary therapy uses. The king oyster mushroom is a low-temperature strain, requiring about 50-60 days from spawning to fruiting. In the Yangtze River basin, cultivation bags can be prepared from October to November, with fruiting from November to January of the following year; other regions can adjust earlier or later accordingly. Now let us take a look at the cultivation techniques for king oyster mushroom!
Cultivation raw materials
There are many substrate materials suitable for the growth of king oyster mushroom, such as mixed wood sawdust, cottonseed hulls, waste cotton, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, bean straw, etc., all of which can be used as the main material. To prevent puncturing the cultivation bags and to facilitate mixing and bagging (bottling), wood sawdust must be sieved, and straw materials must be crushed.
Supplementary materials can include wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour, cottonseed cake powder, calcium carbonate, white sugar, gypsum powder, etc.
Cultivation methods
Due to the different cultivation containers used, king oyster mushroom cultivation includes bottle cultivation, box cultivation and bag cultivation, among which bag cultivation is the most convenient and practical.
The bag cultivation procedure is: spawn production (including mother culture, stock culture and cultivation spawn) → making cultivation bags (including material preparation, formulation, bagging and sterilization) → fruiting management → harvesting and processing.
Cultivation season
For cultivation under natural conditions, according to the suitable growth temperature for king oyster mushroom, autumn-winter and winter-spring cultivation are generally preferable. However, in regions with higher winter temperatures, it is better to schedule fruiting from December to February, because temperatures that are too high or too low make it difficult to form primordia, which is unfavorable for the growth and development of fruiting bodies. King oyster mushroom differs from other oyster mushrooms; if the first flush does not form normally, it will affect the occurrence of the second flush and will inevitably affect total yield.
Therefore, whether in the south or the north, the appropriate cultivation period should be arranged according to the suitable temperature for fruiting. Generally, it is advisable to prepare cultivation bags 50 days before the local temperature drops below 18 degrees.
Spawn production
1. Mother culture
The commonly used media are PDA or PSA. MGYA medium can also be used (per 1000 ml: peptone 1 g, maltose 20 g, yeast 2 g, agar 20 g), PDYA medium (per 1000 ml: peptone or soybean peptone 1 g, potato 300 g, agar 20 g, glucose 20 g, yeast 2 g), malt extract medium (per 1000 ml: malt extract 20 g, agar 15 g, peptone 5 g). Prepare test tube slants, inoculate and culture by conventional methods. Generally, it takes 8-10 days for mycelium to fully cover the tube; using the latter three media can also accelerate mycelial growth rate.
2. Stock culture and cultivation spawn
The medium formula is the same. Sawdust-bran medium can be used, with the formula: sawdust 73%, bran 25%, sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%. Grains such as wheat, barley, corn and sorghum can also be used as medium. Prepare ingredients, process, bottle (bag), sterilize, inoculate and culture by conventional methods. With the first medium, it generally takes 30-35 days for mycelium to fully cover the bottle (bag); with the latter grain media, mycelium fully covers the bag (bottle) faster, about 20 days.
Cultivation site
King oyster mushroom cultivation sites are mainly mushroom houses with shelf-style cultivation. Cultivation bags are placed upright in a single layer. The shelf spacing is 50 cm, and the lowest layer is 30 cm above the ground. Generally, the shelves are 4-5 layers. The usable area of the mushroom house is the mushroom house area %26Iuml. 60%%26Iuml. number of shelf layers. For example, a mushroom house of 40 sq m %26Iuml. 60%%26Iuml. 4-layer shelves = 96 sq m, and each 1 sq m can hold 100 bags; this mushroom house can cultivate 9600 bags.
The mushroom house should be equipped with ventilation windows that can be opened and closed, allowing some scattered light while avoiding direct sunlight. The mushroom site should be near a water source, with convenient transportation, facing south, with a clean environment and no pollution sources.
Cultivation material formulas
For cultivation material formulas, materials can be selected and mixed according to local conditions. Several formulas are listed below for selection.
1. Mixed wood sawdust 36%, cottonseed hulls 38%, bran 24%, white sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%.
2. Mixed wood sawdust 23%, cottonseed hulls 23%, bran 19%, corn flour 5%, bean stalk powder 28%, calcium carbonate 1%, white sugar 1%.
3. Mixed wood sawdust 23%, cottonseed hulls 38%, bean stalk powder 15%, bran 17%, corn flour 5%, calcium carbonate 1%, white sugar 1%.
4. Mixed wood sawdust 37%, cottonseed hulls 38%, bean stalk powder 15%, bran 17%, corn flour 5%, calcium carbonate 1%, white sugar 1%, lime powder 0.05%.