When is the latest time to plant peanuts?
The peanut is a nut with abundant yields and wide consumption in our country, also known as groundnut, longevity fruit, mud bean, foreign bean, earth bean, etc. It is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Arachis in the family Fabaceae, order Rosales, with production areas mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egypt and other places. It is suitable for planting in sandy soil areas with a warm climate and moderate rainfall, and has a relatively long growing season. Let's take a look at the planting time for peanuts below!
Peanut Planting Time
In the southern double-cropping peanut region (spring and autumn crops), the suitable sowing period is from February to mid-March. In the Yangtze River basin spring-summer peanut rotation region, the suitable sowing period is from March to late April. In the northern large peanut region and peanut production areas, the suitable sowing period is mostly from late April to early May. When sowing peanuts, you can sow once the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm has remained stable above 15 degrees for 5 consecutive days. Remember, never sow when the temperature is below 11 degrees, to prevent rotten seeds and dead seedlings. Even if the peanuts can emerge, the peanut seedlings will not be robust, which affects yield. Summer peanut growing areas can choose relay intercropping and sow early to increase yield.
Peanut Sowing Methods
1. Sowing method: Peanut sowing methods are divided by cultivation method into open-field sowing and plastic film mulching sowing, and by operation method into manual dibbling and mechanical sowing.
2. Sowing density: Peanut planting density is determined by plant height, pod-setting range and leaf area size. The suitable planting density depends on climate characteristics, soil fertility, the variety chosen and cultivation conditions.
3. Sowing depth: Generally, peanut sowing is best at about 5 cm. Follow the principle of “do not sow deep when dry, do not sow shallow when wet” and sow shallow in sticky soil, deep in sandy soil or plots with a high sand content. For open-field cultivation, the deepest must not exceed 7 cm, and the shallowest must not be less than 3 cm.
4. Post-sowing compaction: Post-sowing compaction is a successful experience for drought-resistant peanut sowing to ensure a full stand. Compaction not only reduces soil moisture evaporation, but also brings the seeds into close contact with the soil, promotes the rise of moisture from the lower soil layers, prevents the seeds from drying out, and facilitates seed germination and seedling emergence.
Peanut Planting Techniques
1. Leveling the land: The peanut is an economic crop that flowers above ground and, after forming pegs, drills into the ground to set fruit. It is suitable for planting in loose sandy soil and oily sandy soil. Plots for planting peanuts should be deep-plowed, and with the plowing, apply 30 to 40 tons of high-quality farmyard manure per hectare, then compact 1 to 2 times after plowing. Where conditions permit, you can irrigate first, then mix and apply farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer into the furrows, form ridges and compact them, ready for timely sowing.
2. Cultivated varieties: For high peanut yields, good seed is the foundation. Suitable peanut varieties mainly include the Fuhua series and the Jifu series (commonly known as Silihong), with a growth period of about 110 to 120 days. Choose plump, uniformly shaped, unbroken pods as seed. Before shelling, sun-dry for 1 to 3 days; after shelling, further select seeds, choosing kernels with pure color and uniform shape as seed.
3. Scientific fertilization: Peanuts are relatively tolerant of poor soil. Fertilization should be based mainly on base fertilizer, applying 30 tons of farmyard manure per hectare. Chemical fertilizer should be mainly phosphate fertilizer, applying 300 to 400 jin of diammonium phosphate per hectare. For planting peanuts in poor soil, apply an additional 200 to 300 jin of urea per hectare.
4. Replanting and thinning: From late May to early June, peanut seedling condition surveys should be carried out as early as possible. For fields with obvious gaps in seedlings, replant as early as possible. Replanting can use the method of pre-germination and water-seated sowing, and complete the thinning and final spacing of seedlings.
5. Clearing around seedlings to promote sturdy growth: After the peanut seedlings have all emerged, use a small hoe to dig a ring of soil around the seedlings at a distance of 2 cm, then gently scrape the two cotyledons out of the ground with your hands. Clearing around seedlings to promote sturdy growth is generally done three days after the first hoeing and ridging.
6. Timely hoeing and ridging: Start hoeing after the peanut seedlings emerge. Three days after hoeing, do the first ridging; after 15 to 20 days, do the second hoeing and ridging. Be careful not to bury the seedlings when hilling soil. At the end of the peak flowering period, finish the third hoeing and ridging. When closing the rows, ridge in four directions to help the pegs penetrate the soil, and at the same time be sure to pull out large weeds.
7. Reasonable topdressing: During the pod-filling and full-pod stage, peanuts can, according to growth conditions, be topdressed in a targeted way by foliar spraying with fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (suitable concentration 0.3%) and plant growth regulators such as Lufeng 95, to promote kernel formation.
8. Harvest at the right time: When the peanut leaves turn yellow and some stems and leaves dry up, they can be harvested, generally in mid-September. After harvest, sun-dry to reduce moisture, promote after-ripening, and improve seed maturity. Peanuts kept for seed must be harvested and sun-dried before frost.
Alright, that's all from the editor on peanut planting time and planting techniques. Now let's take another look at peanut pest and disease control techniques!