What fertilizer is best for growing peanuts? The latest fertilization recommendations
Peanuts are one of the main economic crops in China, and their planting area in China is also quite large. They are rich in nutrients such as fats and proteins, with extremely high nutritional value for people. Fertilization is essential during peanut growth, and applying fertilizer well is the prerequisite for improving peanut yield and quality. Below, let us take a look at what fertilizer is best for growing peanuts!
Principles of Peanut Fertilizer Requirements
1. Major elements: The ratio of the three major elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required by peanuts is 3:0.4:1. Nitrogen is needed the most, potassium next, and phosphorus the least. Therefore, when topdressing major-element fertilizers, nitrogen should be the main focus, with an appropriate amount of potassium.
2. Trace elements: Peanuts have the greatest demand for several elements such as calcium, sulfur, and magnesium. Calcium can promote faster growth of peanut plants, sulfur can increase the protein content of the kernels, and magnesium can promote the normal formation of chlorophyll in peanuts.
Fertilization Principles for Peanut Cultivation
1. Organic fertilizer as the main component, inorganic fertilizer as a supplement: Organic fertilizer has complete nutrients, can increase soil aggregate structure, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and is beneficial to rhizobium activity, increasing the source of nitrogen. Used in combination with chemical fertilizers, it can reduce the loss and fixation of inorganic fertilizers.
2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdress appropriately: Organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. When sufficient base fertilizer has been applied, quick-acting fertilizers should be topdressed in a timely and appropriate amount according to growth conditions. At the same time, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro-fertilizers should be reasonably combined, and foliar spraying should be carried out in the middle and late stages according to growth vigor.
What fertilizer is best for growing peanuts?
1. Base fertilizer: Base fertilizer includes bottom fertilizer and seed fertilizer. The fertilizer applied before sowing in combination with plowing is called bottom fertilizer, and the fertilizer applied in concentrated form in furrows or holes during sowing is called seed fertilizer. Peanut base fertilizer accounts for more than 80% of the total fertilizer. Organic fertilizer should be the main component, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other fertilizers. The specific application method varies with the type and amount of fertilizer. Generally, broadcasting and concentrated application should be combined, with most being broadcast as bottom fertilizer during pre-sowing land preparation, and a small portion retained for concentrated furrow or hole application combined with sowing. To improve phosphate fertilizer efficiency, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be composted together for 15-20 days before application. When sowing peanuts, mixing seeds with rhizobium inoculant can increase effective rhizobia. In addition, mixing seeds or soaking seeds with 0.2-0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.01-0.1% boric acid aqueous solution can supplement the trace elements needed by peanuts.
2. Topdressing: Topdressing should be done in a timely manner according to peanut growth conditions. Topdressing at the seedling stage should be carried out before the beginning of flowering, generally applying 80-100 kg/sq km of urea and 150-200 kg/sq km of superphosphate, applied in furrows. After flowering, 300-400 kg/sq km of gypsum powder and 150-200 kg/sq km of superphosphate can be applied to increase phosphorus and calcium nutrition during the pod-setting stage. When fertilizer is depleted during the pod-filling and full-fruit stage of peanuts and topdressing cannot be carried out, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% urea can be sprayed on the leaves 1-2 times, which can protect roots and leaves and improve the pod-setting rate and full-fruit rate.