How to prevent and control diseases and pests of straw mushrooms? Latest technical method tutorial
Straw mushrooms have extremely high nutritional value and a delicious taste, and are deeply loved by consumers. China's straw mushroom production ranks first in the world, and there are many growers. However, during cultivation, the most troublesome thing is the harm caused by diseases and pests, which seriously affect the yield and quality of straw mushrooms and harm straw mushroom production. So how should straw mushroom diseases and pests be prevented and controlled? Let's take a look together.
1. Coprinus fungi
Coprinus fungi are the most common contaminating fungi in the straw mushroom cultivation process. They mainly compete with straw mushroom mycelium for water and nutrients, thereby causing reduced straw mushroom yields. They are divided into two types, small coprinus and large coprinus. Their mycelium emerges earlier and spreads faster than that of straw mushrooms. Before the straw mushrooms have fruited, they form mushroom buds, and the diseased ones quickly open their caps and release a large amount of spores, contaminating the straw mushroom fruiting bodies and affecting straw mushroom quality.
Prevention and control methods: The compost must be fresh and must undergo strict high-temperature sterilization treatment. The water content should be controlled at about 70%. The covering material used for mycelial growth must be thoroughly disinfected. Diseased fruiting bodies should be removed promptly to avoid further spread.
2. Blue-green mold
Blue-green mold is the most serious disease in edible mushroom cultivation. It includes Penicillium and Trichoderma viride. The colonies are initially white, dense, and irregular in shape, and gradually turn green after the colony stage. They contaminate straw mushroom fruiting bodies and, in severe cases, cause large-scale death.
Prevention and control methods: Choose fresh compost that has been exposed to sunlight. Pay attention to controlling moisture (70%) and pH (between pH 8.0-9.0). During cultivation, pay attention to ventilation to avoid excessively high carbon dioxide concentration. After disease occurs, promptly dig out the diseased parts, and spread lime powder around them or spray carbendazim solution to prevent the disease from spreading.
3. Mushroom flies
Mushroom flies mainly cause harm as larvae. Their larvae feed on straw mushroom mycelium and fruiting bodies, affecting normal mycelial growth and fruiting time, causing restricted fruiting body growth and reduced yield. Their adults can also transmit other diseases.
Prevention and control methods: Pay attention to keeping the cultivation environment clean and hygienic. When mushroom flies occur, aerosol sprays or fumigation can be used to kill them. At the same time, yellow sticky boards and other traps can be used, with good results.
4. Mushroom mites
Mushroom mites are invisible to the naked eye. They mostly occur in areas where the compost has not undergone strict disinfection or where the mushroom house environmental sanitation is poor. Once they break out, they are extremely difficult to control, so prevention is generally the main approach. The mushroom house should be as far away as possible from warehouses, feed rooms, poultry and livestock sheds, etc. The ingredients must undergo secondary fermentation and disinfection. The mushroom house must undergo thorough disinfection and sterilization treatment before cultivation, and acaricides such as dichlorvos and dicofol should be used for spraying or fumigation for 24 hours. When mushroom mites are found, measures should be taken promptly to prevent them. Dichlorvos can be placed on the bottom material surface of the bed frame, then the bed surface covered with plastic sheeting to fumigate the mushroom mites to death; or spray Jubao ester or propargite for mite control.
The above is an introduction to straw mushroom disease and pest prevention and control techniques. We hope it can help you. If you want to learn more related knowledge, please stay tuned to us.