Analysis of the Causes of Cowpea Vine Death and Control Methods
At the transition between spring and summer, which is the growing season for cowpea, cowpea vine death is also prone to occur, especially prominent in years with excessive rain. Cowpea vine death generally causes a yield reduction of 20%, note, and in severe cases total crop failure. To ensure high and stable cowpea yields and meet the demand for vegetables, it is necessary to understand the causes of cowpea vine death and take good control measures.
1. Waterlogging damage
Cowpea is a vegetable that likes warmth, tolerates heat and drought but not waterlogging. Excessive rain, poor drainage and water accumulation in the field can all cause root suffocation and lead to plant death. The symptoms of vine death mainly manifest as local constriction of the aboveground stem and vine, causing the upper part to wilt and die; when humid, white mycelium grows on the diseased part.
Control methods: Before planting, three ditches need to be opened, namely the surrounding ditch, the waist ditch and the bed ditch, and they must be connected ditch to ditch, so that water can be drained promptly after rain to prevent water accumulation in the field. In addition, for low-lying plots with poor drainage, the high-ridge cultivation method can be adopted, which can also very effectively prevent waterlogging damage.
2. Phytophthora blight
Phytophthora blight is extremely likely to occur when the temperature is 25-28 degrees, during continuous rainy days or when it clears up after rain, and when humidity is relatively high. Plots that are low-lying or have moist soil, high density and poor ventilation and light transmission suffer more severe disease.
Control methods: First, strengthen cultivation management, plant at a reasonable density, prune branches and pinch the tops, improve field ventilation and light transmission, and reduce field humidity. When diseased plants are found, remove them promptly to reduce the base number of pathogens. Then promptly spray Kelu, Pulike and Anke manganese zinc at the early stage of disease onset, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays.
3. Fusarium wilt
Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne disease. The pathogen invades from root wounds. The leaves of diseased plants change and drop from bottom to top, cracks sometimes occur at the root crown, and finally the whole plant collapses, wilts and dies. If the stem base of a diseased plant is cut open, the internal vascular bundles will be found to have arranged browning, and in severe cases the exterior turns blackish brown, the roots rot, and when humidity is relatively high a pink mold layer appears on the diseased part.
Control methods: First, implement a rotation of more than three years with non-legume vegetables; then select varieties with strong disease resistance, and at the same time use the high-ridge cultivation method. Combined with land preparation, apply 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu for disinfection. Carry out seed coating before sowing, and before disease onset, irrigate with thiophanate-methyl or hymexazol for control.
4. Root rot
It generally occurs during the flowering and pod-setting stage. The leaves of diseased plants turn yellow and dry from top to bottom, and the leaves mostly begin to wither and yellow from the leaf margins but do not readily drop. Diseased plants are very easy to pull out, the stem base turns blackish brown, lateral roots drop off, the main root rots, and finally the diseased plant dies. When soil humidity is relatively high, pink mold-like matter appears at the stem base of diseased plants.
Control methods: First, implement a rotation of more than 2 years with Chinese cabbage or onions and garlic; second, drain promptly after rain; third, use decomposed organic fertilizer or Yuzhong brand bio-organic compound fertilizer. After disease onset, promptly use Genfuling for control, once every 10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.
The above is an introduction to the causes of cowpea vine death and control methods. We hope it can help you. If you want to learn more related knowledge, please follow us.