Latest wheat [production] should start with autumn sowing, based on disaster prevention and resistance

Wheat production goes through autumn, winter, spring and summer, with a relatively long growth period, and a high probability of encountering natural disasters such as drought, continuous rain, wet damage, low-temperature freezing damage and pests and diseases. In production, we must start with autumn sowing, base our efforts on disaster prevention and resistance, and lay the foundation for achieving high and stable yields.

Seed treatment

Choose high-yield, high-quality wheat varieties with wide adaptability and multiple resistance, requiring purity ≥98%, cleanliness ≥98%, germination rate ≥85%, and moisture content ≤13%, and sun-dry the seeds 2 to 3 days before sowing. Before sowing, mix 10 ml of Raxil 6% tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent with 300 ml of water and coat 25 kg of seed to prevent systemic infectious diseases and soil-borne diseases such as wheat loose smut and sheath blight. For selected commercial wheat seed, when soil moisture is suitable and conducive to emergence, 20 g of Aimiaozhuang per mu can be diluted with 0.5 to 0.75 kg of water and then used to coat 6 to 10 kg of seed to promote rooting, tillering and strong seedlings; uniform seed coating is required, and seed should be coated and sown immediately. For wheat fields that have not been treated with chemical growth regulation through seed coating and show excessive growth before winter and in early spring, measures such as compaction or chemical regulation can be taken to moderately inhibit growth.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Apply sufficient base fertilizer according to the principle of soil testing and formulated fertilization, with phosphate fertilizer mainly applied as base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied as a combination of base and topdressing. Base fertilizer generally consists of 5 to 10 kg of urea per mu and 25 to 35 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents all 15%); where conditions permit, applying more than 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu is encouraged. For fields where all rice straw is returned to the field, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer should be increased by about 10%.

Supporting “three ditches”

Vigorously promote mechanical ditching. In particular, the Huainan area should install high-standard internal and external “three ditches”, digging one vertical ditch every 3 to 4 m, with a ditch width of 20 cm and a depth of 20 to 30 cm; dig one horizontal ditch 2 to 5 m from the horizontal ridges at both ends of the field, and for longer fields add one waist ditch every 50 m, with a ditch width of 20 cm and a depth of 30 to 40 cm; the outlet ditch at the edge of the field should be 25 cm wide and 40 to 50 cm deep to ensure that the internal and external “three ditches” are connected. For fields with straw returned, it is necessary to reduce the width of the vertical ditch beds, increase the density and depth of ditching in the field, and increase the amount of soil taken from the ditch system to cover the bed surface to prevent exposed seeds; at the same time, improve irrigation and drainage effects and reduce the harm of waterlogging.

Compaction and mulching

For dryland wheat in Huaibei and fields with straw returned, the soil should be compacted after sowing. A stone roller with a diameter greater than 30 cm or specialized compaction machinery can be used to compact the field surface, making the plow layer compact, improving the emergence rate, promoting full and uniform emergence, preserving soil moisture and preventing freezing, and ensuring safe overwintering. For rice-stubble wheat, especially no-till direct seeding and wheat inter-seeded in rice fields, more farmyard manure can be applied or more ditch mud and straw mulch can be added.

Scientific chemical weed control

After sowing and before emergence, when soil moisture is suitable, use 125 to 150 g of 50% isoproturon wettable powder per mu with 40 to 50 kg of water for spraying to seal and kill weeds. Before overwintering, for fields where no soil sealing treatment was carried out after sowing and before emergence, or where the sealing treatment effect was unsatisfactory and the weed occurrence reached the control threshold, spray chemicals in a timely manner according to the weed spectrum. For fields dominated by monocotyledonous weeds, at the 2 to 4 leaf stage of weeds, use 60 to 80 ml of Puma 6.9% fenoxaprop-P-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate per mu with 40 to 50 kg of water for spraying; for fields dominated by dicotyledonous weeds, at the 4 to 5 leaf stage of wheat and after weeds have basically emerged, use 30 to 40 ml of Starane 200 g/L fluroxypyr emulsifiable concentrate per mu with 40 to 50 kg of water for spraying; for wheat fields with mixed monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, the relevant agents can be mixed and used. After the beginning of spring, when the daily average temperature rises to about 8°C, suitable agents can be selected according to the weed spectrum for chemical control before wheat jointing. Pay attention to applying the pesticide during cold-tail to warm-head weather and avoid application before the arrival of a cold wave to prevent phytotoxicity.