The Latest High-Yield Rapeseed Cultivation Techniques: Method Tutorial
Rapeseed contains a variety of nutrients and is rich in vitamin C. Its seeds have an oil content of 35-50%. Rapeseed oil is rich in fatty acids and multiple vitamins, with high nutritional value. It is not only a good edible vegetable oil, but also has a wide range of industrial uses.
Fine land preparation
After the mid- and late-season rice is harvested, plow the soil and break up the clods, form beds and open furrows. The bed width should be 1.5 m and the bed height 12-17 cm. The bed surface should be fine, broken up and level, and the field furrows and surrounding drainage ditches should be properly opened.
Sow at the right time and grow strong seedlings
Mid- and late-maturing varieties are best sown from late September to mid-October; early-maturing varieties are best sown from mid-October to late October. If the late rice harvest is not timely, sowing and seedling raising should be done 30 days before harvest.
For the seedling nursery, it is best to choose fertile, sunny, well-drained sandy loam fields or vegetable garden plots. Prepare the land finely and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 1000 kg-1250 kg of decomposed pig and cattle manure and 30 kg-40 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 sq m. Divide into sections and sow evenly at a set rate, sowing 0.5 kg-0.7 kg per 667 sq m, then cover with 1 cm of soil after sowing. Thin the seedlings at the 2-leaf stage, removing weak ones and keeping strong ones, and set the seedlings at the 4-leaf stage (keep seedlings at a ratio of 1:5 between the seedbed and the main field). After setting the seedlings, apply 2 kg-3 kg of urea or 250 kg-300 kg of human and animal urine diluted with water per 667 sq m. Check for pests and diseases in time and control them promptly to ensure strong seedlings.
Transplant at the right time and plant at a reasonable density
When the seedlings reach 30-35 days old, transplant them in time, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 20-27 cm. For mid- and late-maturing varieties, plant 8,000-10,000 plants per 667 sq m; for early-maturing varieties, plant 12,000-14,000 plants per 667 sq m. Early-maturing varieties can also be direct-seeded in holes, with a hole spacing of 27 cm×33 cm, sowing 5-8 seeds per hole, and later thinning to leave 1 plant. After transplanting from the nursery, check for missing plants and fill the gaps in time.
Scientific fertilization
1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer should be composted and decomposed before application before sowing or transplanting. Apply 1000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 20 kg-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 sq m.
2. Apply seedling fertilizer early. For direct-seeded rapeseed, once 3 true leaves have grown, apply seedling-promoting fertilizer in combination with thinning and setting the seedlings, applying 4 kg-5 kg of urea and 2 kg-3 kg of potassium chloride per 667 sq m. For seedling-transplanted rapeseed, apply 1000 kg of dilute manure water per 667 sq m or 8 kg-10 kg of urea per 667 sq m at the green-up stage.
3. Apply bolting and flowering fertilizer in time. When rapeseed buds and bolts appear, apply 5 kg-7 kg of urea and 3 kg-4 kg of potassium chloride per 667 sq m, or 7 kg-8 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per 667 sq m.
4. Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage and the full-flowering and pod-setting stage, spray the leaves with 0.2% borax solution or potassium dihydrogen phosphate respectively to increase the seed-setting rate.
Cultivation and weeding
For direct-seeded rapeseed, carry out cultivation and weeding together with thinning and setting the seedlings. For seedling-transplanted rapeseed, carry out cultivation and weeding together with fertilization 20-30 days after transplanting.
Scientific irrigation and drainage
Rapeseed growth is both afraid of drought and intolerant of waterlogging. In water management, it should be possible to irrigate in drought and drain in waterlogging, keeping the bed furrows and surrounding ditches unobstructed to facilitate irrigation and drainage. During the bolting and flowering stage, water demand is high, so water supply should be ensured. During the seedling stage and the flowering and pod-setting stage, pay attention to preventing waterlogging in the field.
Prevent and control pests and diseases
The main insect pests of rapeseed include cutworms, aphids, leaf-mining leafhoppers, and diamondback moths, which can be controlled with dichlorvos, dimethoate, and pyrethroid pesticides. The main diseases include sclerotinia and downy mildew, which can be controlled with thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, and mancozeb pesticides.
Harvest at the right time
About 30 days after the end of the full-flowering stage of rapeseed, when about 2/3 of the siliques are yellow and most of the seeds inside the siliques have changed from green to yellow or red, they can be harvested. After harvesting, spread them out to dry for 1 day, then thresh them, dry them in time, and process them promptly.