Latest Detailed Guide to Fertilizer Amounts and Methods for Rice at Each Growth Stage
For rice to grow well, fertilizer is indispensable, and not only must it be applied generously, the method must also be skillful. To promote early development, vigorous growth and a bumper harvest of rice, the following introduces the scientific fertilization methods for rice.
Fertilizer Amounts for Each Growth Stage of Rice
1. Fertilizer amount. The fertilizer amount for rice can be calculated according to the expected yield, the rice's nutrient requirement, the soil's nutrient supply, and the nutrient content and utilization rate of the fertilizer applied.
2. Fertilization stages. It can be divided into 4 stages: basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, ear fertilizer, and grain fertilizer (chosen according to the growth vigor of the rice). The application time and distribution ratio for each stage are as follows.
(1) Basal fertilizer. Applied into the soil before rice transplanting, the basal fertilizer accounts for 40% of the total chemical fertilizer, applied together with the last paddy field harrowing. On the basis of applying farmyard manure, generally one set of Chongzhidao plus tubi is applied per mu by flushing.
(2) Tillering fertilizer. The tillering stage is an important period for increasing the number of plants, applied half a month after transplanting or seedling planting. Per mu, one bucket of Jiuguo is applied by flushing with water, and Huaguo Yisheng Guoneng multi-element is sprayed on the leaves to supplement trace elements and promote tillering.
(3) Ear fertilizer. It is divided into flower-promoting fertilizer and flower-preserving fertilizer. The flower-promoting fertilizer is applied from the ear axis differentiation stage to the glume flower differentiation stage; applying nitrogen at this stage can increase the number of glume flowers per ear. The flower-preserving fertilizer is applied slightly before the pollen mother cell meiosis stage, and has the effect of preventing glume flower degeneration and increasing the accumulation of storage substances in the stem and sheath. Per mu, one set of Chongzhidao plus tubi is applied by flushing.
(4) Grain fertilizer. Grain fertilizer has the effect of extending leaf function, increasing photosynthetic intensity, increasing grain weight, and reducing empty and blighted grains. Especially for paddy fields with a relatively small population and varieties with large ears and a long grain-filling period, it is recommended to apply a small amount of urea, but nitrogen must by no means be excessive, so as to avoid excessive vegetative growth and late maturity. Per mu, 10-15 kg of Defuer drip irrigation fertilizer is applied by flushing.
Main Fertilization Methods for Rice
1. Light early - heavy middle - supplementary late method: Apply sufficient and appropriate basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer, apply ear fertilizer reasonably, and apply grain fertilizer as appropriate, to achieve early growth and steady growth, no excessive growth in the early stage, flower promotion in the middle stage, and no premature senescence in the late stage. On the basis of ensuring a sufficient number of ears, this method also aims at large ears and grain weight. This fertilization method is mostly used for single-season late rice and late-maturing middle rice in the south.
2. Stable early - attack middle method: This method saves fertilizer and gives stable, high yield. It mainly improves the effective tillering rate, attacks large ears to increase the seed-setting rate, and increases grain weight to strive for high yield. Characteristics: strong plants with large tillers and a small population, tillering controlled in the early stage; strong stems and roots, large ears attacked in the middle stage, and seed-setting rate and ear weight attacked in the middle-late stage.
3. Promote early - control middle - supplement late method. This method is similar to the “V”-shaped fertilization method, heavily applying basal fertilizer (accounting for more than 80% of the total) and heavily applying tillering fertilizer, and applying grain fertilizer as appropriate, to meet the requirements of “rushing up in the early stage, holding steady in the middle stage, and being healthy and strong in the late stage.” This fertilization method is mostly used in the Northeast rice region, most of the early rice in the south, and wheat stubble rice in North China. Its drawback is excessive early growth, which easily causes field shading and heavier pests and diseases.
4. Promote-early fertilization method. On the basis of applying sufficient basal fertilizer, apply tillering fertilizer early and heavily, especially nitrogen fertilizer, to promote early and rapid tillering and ensure more tillers and more ears. Basal fertilizer accounts for 70% of the total fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60%-80% of the total nitrogen), and the remaining 30% of the fertilizer is all applied after transplanting and green-up. This method is suitable for rice regions where rainfall is concentrated during the rice growth period, fertilizer is easily lost, and low temperature and insufficient light often occur. The basal fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure.
5. Basal fertilizer one-time clear application method. All the fertilizer is applied at one time when preparing the field, so that the soil and fertilizer are fully mixed; it is suitable for paddy fields with strong fertilizer retention such as clay and heavy loam, and with sufficient fertilizer sources. With this method, compared with basal fertilizer plus tillering fertilizer and basal fertilizer plus ear fertilizer, the nitrogen uptake rate of rice plants increases, tillering is fast, more ears are formed, the light transmittance between rows is high, and the yield increases by 3.6%-17.9%.
6. Soil testing and formula fertilization method. Soil testing and formula fertilization is a fertilization technology system that coordinates the interrelationships among crop yield, agricultural product quality, soil fertility and the crop environment, and, according to the crop's fertilizer requirement pattern, the soil's fertilizer supply characteristics and fertilizer effects, combines organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, appropriately proportions essential nutrient elements and trace elements, and adopts corresponding fertilizer application methods. This method can, according to the soil nutrient test results and the amounts of various nutrients required throughout the crop's life, scientifically match the proportions and application amounts of various nutrients, supply them reasonably, and satisfy the nutrients required throughout the crop's life, so as to achieve the goals of increasing yield and efficiency; it reduces unnecessary fertilization, lowers costs, reduces environmental pollution, and alleviates soil compaction and pests and diseases.