How to grow rice seedlings? Latest technical methods tutorial

To do a good job of rice seedling raising, you must carefully select good seeds, do a good job of seed selection and sunning, chemical seed soaking, and appropriate-temperature germination promotion, strengthen seedling field management, and adopt the “four controls and one prevention” technical measures of controlling sowing period, controlling sowing rate, controlling water, controlling excessive growth, and preventing and controlling pests and diseases, so as to achieve uniform and complete seedlings. Now let us take a look at rice seedling raising technology together!

Selection of rice varieties

Selecting the right varieties is the foundation for high-quality and high-yield rice. For planting premium rice, choose varieties such as Huangjinqing, H301, Baixiangjing, which are resistant to stripe leaf blight and rice blast, and Jinshiji, which has strong rice blast resistance. For planting high-quality rice, choose superior lines of Yujing No. 6, such as 30, 36, 38, 33, etc., and varieties such as Xindao 11, Hongguangjing, black rice, and purple rice, to ensure that rice is both high-yielding and high-quality. Promoting hybrid rice is the current development trend in rice variety selection. Indica hybrid varieties have already been popularized and applied, and japonica rice has also developed rapidly, with yields greatly increased. You can choose Guoshendao 2003076, namely hybrid japonica Jinyou 2003, with a yield potential of 750 kg.

Rice seedling raising technology

Mastering seedling raising technology well is the guarantee of raising good seedlings. The standard for strong seedlings is: rice seedlings should reach a seedling age of 35—45 days, with 5—7 leaves on the main stem, leaves straight and not drooping, and leaf color green with a hint of yellow. Plant height 15—20 cm, with 1—2 tillers, stem base flat and thick with elasticity, many white roots, many root primordia, and no black roots or pests and diseases.

1. Seedling field selection

The seedling field requires fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no salinity or alkalinity. The habit of using ditch edges, river banks, roadsides, and places with poor fertility as seedling fields must be resolutely overcome.

2. Seedling field fertilization

The level of fertility in the seedling field is the key to cultivating strong seedlings. The seedling field should be applied with 5—7 cubic meters of farmyard manure per mu and 50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, then plowed. 3—5 days before sowing, apply 15—20 kg of monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, 30—40 kg of ammonium sulfate, 15—20 kg of potassium sulfate, and 2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu of clean seedling bed. Alternatively, 30—40 kg per mu of Wojing brand, Woli brand, or Qiangwang brand rice seedling formula fertilizer can be spread on the clods, then finely harrowed so that soil and fertilizer are evenly mixed, and after leveling, wait for sowing.

3. Seed soaking and disinfection

To increase the germination rate of seeds, sun the seeds for 2—3 days before sowing, then carry out wind selection or muddy water selection to achieve plump seeds and strong germination vigor. In order to eliminate pathogens carried by the seeds, seed disinfection should be carried out after seed selection. You can use 5 g of Edi added to 5 jin of water to soak 3 kg of seeds for 3—4 days, or use 25% prochloraz 4000-fold solution, or 80% 402 fungicide 2000—3000-fold solution, or 10% Jinzhongling 4000-fold solution to soak seeds for 3—5 days to kill pathogens such as bacterial leaf blight, rice blast, bakanae disease, and white-tip nematode. After removing, sow directly, or remove and germinate until the seeds break open and show white, then sow. For the Baixiangjing variety, which is susceptible to bakanae disease, seed soaking must be done well to effectively prevent and control bakanae disease. Field control is only a remedial measure, and its effect is not very ideal. In areas with rice stripe leaf blight, after seed soaking, mix 20 g of 10% imidacloprid per mu with a small amount of fine soil, then mix evenly with the seeds before sowing, which can control the virus-transmitting vector, the rice planthopper.

4. Sowing period and sowing rate

Sowing too early or too late is unfavorable for cultivating strong seedlings. If sowing is too early, the seedlings age, tillering is absent, and after transplanting tillering is slow and few. If sowing is too late, the seedlings are tender and weak, and after transplanting they turn green slowly. According to the existing varieties in our county, for wheat-stubble rice, sowing from May 5—10 is better, with a seedling age of 35—40 days. The seedling field area is calculated at 45 square meters of clean seedling bed required for each mu of field to be transplanted, requiring 2.5 kg of high-quality rice seed. The sowing rate per mu of seedling field is about 35 kg; if the sowing period is slightly later, the sowing rate is slightly increased.

5. Sowing method

1—2 days before sowing, release water to soak the bed surface thoroughly, and finely prepare the land until the mud is soft and the surface is level. When the water in the seedling bed has infiltrated and there is no mud slurry, smooth it and carry out fine sowing. When sowing, achieve half-seed into the mud; do not scatter seeds without seeing them, to prevent uneven sowing depth and uneven emergence. After sowing, pat lightly with an iron shovel so that the seeds and mud surface are level. When the manure soil to be covered is no longer moist, cover with a 1:2 mixture of sifted decomposed manure soil, with a manure soil thickness of 0.7—1 cm. This point is very critical. It is strictly forbidden to sow under thin mud and cover manure soil on mud slurry. The manure soil covering the bed surface is dry and has good air permeability, which is very important for promoting seed rooting. If air permeability is poor, rooting is reduced, seedlings are weak, and tillering is also reduced. At the same time, it can also preserve moisture and increase temperature, control the rise of groundwater, inhibit the rise of salinity and alkalinity, promote roots to grow downward, and achieve the goal of many roots and vigorous seedlings.

6. Watering and topdressing

Before the three-leaf stage, mainly rely on dry growth. After the three-leaf stage, if nutrition is insufficient, damping-off disease is easily induced. At the two-leaf-one-heart stage, apply weaning fertilizer, using 3—5 kg per mu of 45% formula fertilizer or urea, and water lightly once; at the three-leaf-one-heart stage, apply tillering-promoting fertilizer, applying 10 kg per mu of urea or 12—15 kg of formula fertilizer, and water lightly once, to promote seedling tillering. After that, as long as the bed surface does not return to alkalinity or the seedling leaves do not curl, reduce the number of waterings as much as possible, so that the seedlings grow dry, promote root development, and improve seedling quality. For seedling beds that return to alkalinity, seedling growth will be seriously affected. Wash the bed with water and use water to leach alkalinity; irrigate fully in the morning, drain completely in the afternoon, and after washing away alkalinity, water and topdress. Usually pay attention to weather forecasts. When encountering strong winds and cooling weather, pay attention to irrigation to prevent low-temperature cold damage. At 35—40 days, seedlings should stop water for hardening, so that seedling tissues become firm and old, leaves point upward, and stress resistance is improved.

8. Chemical regulation and foliar fertilization

Chemical regulation can achieve the goals of strong seedlings, more tillers, and more roots. At the two-leaf-one-heart stage of rice, use 120 g per mu of 15% paclobutrazol mixed with water for spraying. Spray evenly; do not miss or repeat spraying, so that seedlings grow uniformly. One week before rice transplanting, spray 5 g per mu of rooting agent mixed with 15 kg of water on the leaves to promote the seedlings to grow root primordia and to grow and elongate rapidly after transplanting.

For seedling beds with poor growth, spray the leaves 2—3 times with Gaitianli solution or Qiangwang amino acid phosphorus-potassium treasure 300-fold aqueous solution, so that the seedlings quickly recover growth. For physiological yellow leaf disease and albino disease, use Puduo 300-fold solution or Huangyang Sulv 300-fold solution for spray control. You can also use 0.3% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution for spraying, but the effect is not as good as the former.

Prevention and control of diseases, pests, and weeds

1. 2—3 days before sowing or at the needle-standing stage of seedlings, use 75—100 mL per mu of 50% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 30 kg of water and spray on the bed surface; or after rice sowing, when the seeds show white or at the needle-standing stage, use 100 mL per mu of 30% Sofit emulsifiable concentrate added to water and spray, to seal the bed surface weeds. The safety to seedlings of the former is not as good as the latter.

2. For emerged barnyardgrass, use 50% quinclorac wettable powder per mu added to water and spray, and use it according to the product instructions.

3. At the two-leaf-one-heart stage of seedlings, use 20% tolclofos-methyl 500-fold solution or Kangyouli 1500-fold solution for spraying.

4. To prevent and control damping-off disease, take the initiative. When diseased plants are found, control them immediately. If you wait until dead seedlings appear on a large scale, then control is too late. The method for checking damping-off disease is to see whether there is guttation at the leaf tips. If the leaf tips do not show guttation, it is a sign of rice damping-off disease.

5. Around May 25 and June 5—10, prevent and control the striped stem borer, rice thrips, and small brown planthopper once each, using 200 mL per mu of Shachongshuang plus 200 mL of BT insecticide mixed and sprayed, to control both insects and eggs.

6. To prevent and control mole crickets in the seedling bed, use Gongfu 1500-fold spray, which also controls the striped stem borer, thrips, rice weevil, etc.

7. Before rice transplanting, according to local conditions, use Binghaidi 500-fold solution, Yuandong Junxing 500-fold solution, or Beimu 500-fold solution for spraying to prevent and control rice blast, sesame leaf spot, and bacterial leaf blight, and prevent seedlings from carrying diseases into the field.

8. Prevention and control of stripe leaf blight

Stripe leaf blight is transmitted by the small brown planthopper, so the focus should be on controlling the rice planthopper:

① Combine control of wheat aphids with control of rice planthoppers.

② During the wheat maturity period, planthoppers in wheat fields move into seedling beds because survival conditions deteriorate. From wheat yellow ripening to before transplanting, prevent and control the seedling field 2—3 times with 20 g of 10% Yashiqing or acetamiprid mixed with 30 kg of water. Control the virus-transmitting vector and achieve insect control and disease prevention. You can also use moroxydine copper for spray control, or use Tiaowen Yekujing 30—50 g mixed with 30 kg of water for uniform spraying, to inhibit the development of rice stripe leaf blight.