How to Grow Soybeans? Latest Planting Techniques and Method Tutorial

The soybean is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Glycine in the legume family, native to China, cultivated throughout our country, and also widely cultivated around the world. It is one of China's important food crops, with a cultivation history of five thousand years, and is most commonly used to make various soy products, extract soybean oil, brew soy sauce and extract protein. Let's take a look at soybean planting techniques together below!

Growth Habits

The soybean prefers warmth. The seeds begin to germinate at 10-12°C, with 15-20°C being optimal. The optimal temperature for growth is 20-25°C, and the optimal temperature during the flowering and pod-setting stage is 20-28°C. At low temperatures, pod setting is delayed, and below 14°C it cannot flower. If the temperature is too high, the plant ends its growth prematurely. Seed germination requires more water, and during the flowering period the soil moisture content is required to be 70-80%, otherwise the flower bud shedding rate increases. Before flowering, soybeans absorb less than 15% of the total fertilizer, while during the flowering and pod-setting stage they absorb more than 80% of the total fertilizer.

Land Preparation and Fertilization

In general, soybean planting separates fertilizer from seed, applying it 4-5 cm below and to the side of the seed; the amount of chemical fertilizer can be adjusted. When applying more than 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, it can be applied in layers: the upper seed fertilizer at a depth of 5-7 cm, accounting for 1/3 of the fertilizer amount, and the base fertilizer at a depth of 10-16 cm, accounting for 2/3 of the fertilizer amount. Alternatively, after the previous crop is harvested, evenly broadcast the fermented organic fertilizer on the surface, then use a harrow to work the fertilizer into the soil. After the manure and soil are fully mixed, carry out deep plowing. After plowing, harrow and level fine and form ridges, or soybeans can also be planted flat.

Summer Sowing Techniques

1. Pre-sowing irrigation: For plots with poor soil moisture, where irrigation conditions are available, irrigate once before sowing to facilitate seed germination after sowing. Combine irrigation with closed-field weed control.

2. Timely sowing: Because the summer sowing soybean growing season is relatively short, early sowing at the right time is very important. Timely sowing gives a high seedling survival rate, neat and robust emergence, good growth and development, and thick stems.

Autumn Sowing Techniques

1. Land preparation and compartment division: After the rice field is plowed, divide it into compartments, with a compartment width of 2-3 m, row spacing of 3 m, and hole spacing of 0.33 m. Place 2-3 seeds per hole, with a density of about 30,000 plants per mu.

2. Fertilization and sowing: Generally sow before August 10, with a sowing rate of 8-10 kg per mu. Use 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer mixed with 500 kg of farmyard manure per mu as seed-covering fertilizer.

Field Management

1. Intertillage and hoeing: Before the first compound leaf of the soybean, hoe over the entire field once, making sure to hoe clean the weeds in the seedling rows, without injuring the seedlings, and loosen the surface soil. When the seedlings are about 10 cm tall, carry out the second intertillage, making sure not to injure the seedlings, not to press the seedlings, and not to miss any weeds. About 10 days after the second intertillage, carry out the third, making sure to loosen deeply and mound up more soil.

2. Pre-emergence weed control: Pursuit and Command are effective against many grass weeds and broadleaf weeds in soybean fields. 5% Pursuit aqueous solution at 1.5-2 kg per hectare, and 48% Command emulsifiable concentrate at 2-2.5 kg per hectare. Pursuit, chlorimuron-ethyl, and Command can all persist in the soil for a relatively long time, so special attention must be paid to phytotoxicity to subsequent crops.

3. Post-emergence weed control: Apply the herbicide when the weeds have just emerged, generally no later than the soybean 2-compound-leaf stage. In years with good spring soil moisture, application can be appropriately earlier, and the dosage generally uses the lower limit. In spring drought, application can be appropriately later, and the dosage generally uses the upper limit.

① 5% Pursuit aqueous solution at 1-1.5 kg per hectare, and it should not exceed 1.5 kg.

② For 12% sethoxydim emulsifiable concentrate, the dosage is 1-1.5 kg per hectare.

③ For 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl, the dosage is 0.75-1 kg per hectare.

④ For 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate and 24% lactofen emulsifiable concentrate, the dosage is 0.33-0.75 kg per hectare.