What are the latest causes of soybean premature senescence?

Soybean is what we call yellow bean in daily life. It belongs to the annual herb of the genus Glycine in the Fabaceae family, and its height generally does not exceed 1 m. Soybean is fairly comprehensive in nutrition and rich in nutrients, and its protein content is especially abundant, many times higher than that of pork, eggs and the like, with very good quality as well. But as the soybean planting area keeps expanding, the phenomenon of premature senescence is also becoming more and more serious. Premature senescence can seriously affect the quality and yield of soybean. So what are the causes of soybean premature senescence? Let's take a look below.

1. Cultivation method

When planting soybean, continuous cropping is taboo, and crop rotation should be practiced instead, because continuous cropping on the same land can extremely easily lead to soybean premature senescence. The main reason is that the pathogens and insect sources of the soybean crop cannot be reduced or eliminated through rotation, causing the pathogens and parasites in the soil to continuously increase and accumulate. This leads to the spread of multiple soil-borne fungi and parasites. Secondly, during the planting process, soybean does not absorb sufficient essential nutrients, and the nutrients in the soil become imbalanced, such as a lack of trace elements like phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Finally, because the root exudates are not turned into the soil and cleaned up in time, they accumulate in the soil, forming substances harmful to soybean, causing the soil to become alkaline and poisoning the plants.

2. Climate effects

Soybean has relatively low requirements for light duration and is a short-day crop, with a photoperiod of about 18 hours. The most suitable temperature for soybean growth is around 25 degrees, and during the emergence and branching stages, the soil moisture content needs to reach 20%. The water requirement is even greater during the flowering stage, at about 80%, because soybean is relatively sensitive to the above growing conditions. Abnormal climate changes will have a serious impact on the growth and development of soybean. If the physiological needs of the growth period are exceeded or not met, there will be a high probability of causing soybean premature senescence.

3. Damage from pests and diseases

Pests and diseases are one of the main causes of soybean premature senescence. Many times, farmers do not pay attention to continuous cropping or soil disinfection and are unwilling to change the planting field. Experiments have shown that fields with continuous cropping on the same land have the most serious occurrence of premature senescence, because in continuously cropped areas, there are large amounts of pathogens and parasites in the soil that are difficult to eliminate. Many pests and diseases use only soybean as a host, such as root rot, Verticillium wilt, and root maggot, and these pests and diseases will seriously affect the normal growth and development of soybean and cause soybean premature senescence. So everyone must be careful not to practice continuous cropping, and should plow and disinfect the soil.

4. Nutrient deficiency

Soybean has a relatively large fertilizer requirement during the planting process, and the nutrients it needs are fairly comprehensive, making it a crop with many nutrient elements and a complete range. So if sufficient nutrients are not supplied during growth, or if a certain nutrient is lacking, it will have a great impact on the growth of soybean. Moreover, because of the inhibition of organic fertilizer efficacy and yield, large amounts of chemical fertilizers are now used, and a series of unreasonable management practices such as continuous cropping on the same land will also cause nutrient deficiency in soybean, causing soybean to lack nutrients, and premature senescence caused by malnutrition.

The four points above are the main causes of soybean premature senescence. The nutrients required by soybean are very comprehensive, and the lack of even one will affect its normal growth and development, so everyone must ensure the nutrients needed by soybean. Soybean also has a relatively large water requirement, but it is not tolerant of waterlogging, so when encountering heavy rain or when there is a lot of standing water in the field, drainage must be carried out in time to prevent root rot from waterlogging. I hope this article is helpful to everyone!