How to Fertilize Sesame for High Yield? Latest Technical Guide
Sesame is an important oilseed crop and cash crop in China, and it is grown in every region of the country. Sesame is a crop that loves fertilizer, and its demand for nutrients is relatively high in rainy conditions, so to achieve high yield, fertilization work must be done well. So how should sesame be fertilized? Come to Qinnong Web below to see the high-yield fertilization techniques for sesame.
1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer
Applying sufficient base fertilizer helps promote rapid growth of the sesame root system, promotes well-developed roots, increases the main root length, and increases the number of lateral roots. It also allows faster and greater absorption of nutrients and water, resulting in robust plant growth, broader leaves, enhanced photosynthesis, and more flowers and seeds. Base fertilizer must be applied all at once. The main root layer of sesame is relatively shallow, so when applying base fertilizer it is suitable to apply it within the 10cm soil layer. The amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for about 70% of the total fertilizer, generally mainly organic fertilizer or farmyard manure, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Generally, 2000-2500kg of organic fertilizer or fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied per mu, combined with 20kg of phosphate fertilizer, 10kg of potassium fertilizer, and a small amount of boron fertilizer.
2. Skillfully apply flower bud fertilizer
When sesame grows to the flower bud stage, it begins to enter the flower bud differentiation stage. This is the period of fastest vegetative growth, so skillfully applying flower bud fertilizer at this time is extremely important. Fertilization at the flower bud stage is generally mainly nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. When applying, use the furrow application or spot application method, placing the fertilizer into the 10cm soil layer to facilitate root absorption, and cover with soil after application. The fertilizer can also be mixed with soil and broadcast, followed by intertillage and weeding. When the soil is dry, water promptly after fertilization so the fertilizer effect can be exerted as quickly as possible.
3. Apply heavy flower fertilizer
After sesame enters the flowering stage, this is the period of fastest growth, and the fertilizer absorbed is also the greatest, accounting for 70%-80% of the nutrients absorbed during the total growth period. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of plant growth, promote rapid plant growth, produce more flowers, set more seeds, and increase yield, flower stage fertilization must be applied heavily. Generally, 5-8 kg of urea is applied per mu. To avoid root burn, when applying, it can be dissolved in water into a low-concentration solution for watering application. At the full flowering stage, 15kg of ammonium sulfate can be topdressed per mu.
4. Do a good job with foliar fertilizer
According to experiments, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2-3 times during the flowering stage can increase the weight per thousand grains by 0.09 grams, with a yield increase rate of 19%. The first foliar fertilizer spray is at the initial flowering stage, the second is 5-7 days after the first, and the third can be selectively sprayed according to growth conditions. Use 200-250 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, dilute with about 50kg of water, and then spray. When spraying foliar fertilizer, pay attention to the time. It is best to choose an overcast day or the evening of a sunny day, avoiding interference from high temperature or rainwater, and preventing water evaporation or being carried away by rainwater, which helps the leaves absorb it well.
The above is the high-yield fertilization technique for sesame brought to you by Qinnong Web. We hope it can help you. To learn more about sesame cultivation knowledge, please stay tuned to Qinnong Web.