What are the coffee bean cultivation methods? A detailed explanation of the latest growing techniques
The coffee bean is a plant that grows in tropical or subtropical regions. It is the seed produced by the coffee tree, and because its shape closely resembles a bean, people call it a coffee bean. In fact, it is not unfamiliar to us, especially to friends who love drinking coffee, because the coffee bean is the most original material of coffee, and many people love drinking coffee very much, so there needs to be coffee bean production. Now let's learn about the coffee bean cultivation methods together with the editor.
1. Site selection and land preparation
The coffee tree is a plant that prefers warmth. The planting site is generally chosen as a plot with relatively sufficient sunlight. Next, its growth does not require too much water, and the soil fertility does not need to be too rich. General idle land, plains, hillsides, and other sandy soils with good drainage are suitable, and the permeability must also be good enough. After selecting the site, evenly spread fertilizer in the field at a rate of two thousand jin per mu, then carry out deep plowing. At the same time, the soil needs to be broken up finely and raked level. You can open furrows and make beds, or you can leave it without making beds.
2. Sow at the right time
Coffee beans are generally sown in mid-to-late April each year. At this time, the temperature can basically reach around 15 to 20 degrees, which meets the germination requirements of coffee beans. Before sowing, we need to first soak the seeds in warm water for one day, then rinse them clean with clear water, put them into a damp cotton cloth and wrap them up. Generally, after placing them for three to four days, most of the seeds have already sprouted. At this point, sowing can begin. When sowing, it is generally done in drills with a row spacing of 60 cm, covered with a thin layer of soil. If the soil is relatively dry, the soil needs to be watered once before sowing, which can promote the speed of seed emergence. Under normal conditions, seedlings will emerge in about ten days.
3. Reasonable close planting
After half a month, coffee bean seedlings can basically grow to three to four cm. At this time, we can first pull out some seedlings in the field that are very weak or growing especially densely. When the young seedlings grow to about ten to fifteen cm, they can be thinned to a final stand. Generally, planting is carried out at a spacing of 30 cm between each plant.
4. Field management
About five to seven days after planting, it is necessary to check the growth of the young seedlings in the field and promptly fill in any missing seedlings. After the coffee bean seedlings grow new branches and leaves, we need to carry out appropriate intertillage and weeding to maintain soil permeability. Water management for coffee beans is actually relatively simple, because coffee beans have quite good drought resistance. Generally, as long as there is a certain amount of humidity, they can grow normally. Therefore, we only need to water according to the growth condition of the coffee beans. Generally, after watering at planting, it is necessary to wait until the flowering period to water again. At the same time, watering should be stopped when the fruit is close to maturity. Since the growth of coffee beans does not require excessive nutrients, apart from base fertilizer, generally only one topdressing is needed. When the young seedlings grow to about 30 to 40 cm, apply an appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, which can prevent coffee beans from lodging.
5. Pest and disease control
The main disease of coffee beans is gray leaf spot, which is a fungal infectious disease. It mainly harms the branches and leaves of coffee beans. In the early stage of the disease, brown spots appear on the leaf surface. As the condition gradually worsens, gray mold appears, and finally the entire plant wilts or even becomes watersoaked. We can use zineb solution for control. The most common pest is mainly aphids, which can be directly sprayed and killed with dimethoate emulsion.