How to fertilize sesame? The latest fertilization techniques and methods tutorial
Peanut is one of the main grain and oil crops in China, and also one of the main sources of income for many farmers. When growing peanuts, scientific and reasonable fertilization can increase yield, bring a bumper harvest, and is the main measure to increase returns. So how should peanuts be fertilized? Follow along with the editor to take a look.
1. Nutrient requirements
During the growth and development of peanuts, in addition to requiring large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the demand for trace elements such as calcium and iron is also relatively high. Among these, peanuts have a relatively large demand for calcium, and the amount of calcium absorbed differs at each stage, being greatest at the pod-setting stage. The pod-setting stage is the period of greatest nutrient absorption in peanuts, at which time nitrogen uptake accounts for 40% of the total, phosphorus 45%, and potassium about 60%. Throughout the entire growth period, nitrogen absorption is high at both ends and low in the middle; phosphorus is low at both ends and high in the middle; potassium is highest at the flowering stage, second at the pod-setting stage, and relatively lower at the full-pod stage.
2. Applying sufficient base fertilizer
Peanuts have a large nutrient demand in the early growth stage, but their root system is not yet fully developed at this time, so the number of root nodules is relatively small and their own nitrogen-fixing capacity is weak, making the application of sufficient base fertilizer extremely important. Base fertilizer generally includes bottom fertilizer and seed fertilizer. Base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Before sowing, in combination with land preparation, apply 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 1-2 kg of boron fertilizer per mu. At sowing time, rhizobium can be used to dress the seeds, or the seeds can be soaked and dressed with a low-concentration ammonium molybdate or boric acid aqueous solution, which can supplement the trace elements of the seeds.
3. Reasonable topdressing
When sufficient base fertilizer is applied at planting, peanuts generally do not need topdressing during growth. In particular, some areas use plastic film mulching for planting, which makes topdressing even less suitable. However, if the soil has poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and sufficient base fertilizer was not applied at planting in the later period, then targeted fertilization should be carried out according to the growth condition of the plants, generally using quick-acting chemical fertilizers, which can quickly maintain nutrients. Apply 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, which can be applied together with intertillage and can promote rapid growth of seedlings.
4. Foliar fertilization
When fertilizing peanuts, there is also a special fertilization method, namely foliar fertilization, which is actually leaf spraying. It can be used when the root absorption capacity is weak but the plants still lack nutrients. It can quickly supplement nutrients and prevent premature aging of the plants. Generally, spraying the leaves 1-2 times with low-concentration monopotassium phosphate and urea solution can protect the roots and leaves and improve the seed-setting rate and full-pod rate.
The above is an introduction to sesame fertilization techniques. We hope it can help you. If you want to learn more related knowledge, please stay tuned to us.