Detailed Explanation of the Latest Fertilization Techniques and Methods for Buckwheat

Buckwheat originated in China and has a cultivation history of more than two thousand years. It is a short-term crop with a short growth period, is not tolerant of high temperatures, and is afraid of frost; it is cultivated in most regions. The most important part of buckwheat cultivation techniques is fertilization management; applying fertilizer is the best way to support growth. At the same time, controlling fertilizer is the best regulatory method for controlling growth. So today we will also introduce how buckwheat fertilization should be controlled.

I. Nutrient Requirements

Before sowing, seed germination, like that of most crops, requires most of the nutrients, and base fertilizer can also improve the fertility of the sowing soil and change the structural layer, so base fertilizer is most important for buckwheat. Because of the short growth period, buckwheat grows quickly and therefore needs more nutrients, so topdressing is necessary; mainly apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, while nitrogen fertilizer can be applied sparingly, mainly to strengthen stems and plump seeds.

II. Applying Base Fertilizer

Before sowing, according to the distribution of the buckwheat root system, apply base fertilizer mainly in the 20 cm plow layer. Before fertilizing, first deep-plow the soil once, then rotary-till to loosen and refine the soil, then broadcast farmyard manure over the whole field, and mix the fertilizer together with the soil; you can water thoroughly once, then cover with a layer of fine surface soil. Finally sow and cover with soil. For base fertilizer, apply about 400 jin per mu. You can also apply chemical fertilizers such as superphosphate as base fertilizer; it takes effect quickly but is not as long-lasting as farmyard manure.

III. Topdressing

Topdressing can be applied according to different climates, environments, geographical conditions, and growth conditions. Generally do not apply on rainy days, and do not apply when rain is forecast in a few days, as it is easy to wash away the fertilizer. Topdressing on a sunny afternoon is best; fertilizing under high temperature and intense heat increases the concentration of cell sap, making it easy to lose water and wilt. Or topdressing on a cloudy day is most conducive to absorption. Of course, foliar spraying of fertilizer is possible, on a cloudy day. At low temperatures, topdressing can be appropriately applied to keep warm and nourish the roots. In the early stage, generally apply compound fertilizer, which is beneficial to stem and leaf growth. In the later stage, mainly apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer to make the plants sturdy, increase the seed-setting rate, and avoid empty shells. Each topdressing is about 12 jin per mu.

IV. Trace Elements

The soil originally contains some of the trace elements needed by buckwheat, but they may have been exhausted due to crop rotation or absorption. Or they may not have been present at all. Buckwheat itself needs certain trace elements for growth; when deficient, the plants will show reactions such as yellowing and empty shells, so boron, copper, and other fertilizers should be supplemented in real time and in the right amounts.

Although buckwheat has a short growth time, fertilization during its growth period cannot be careless and needs the attention of growers. Generally, doing the above fertilization work well can roughly promote good crop growth, improve lodging resistance, and increase yield.