What are the growing environment requirements for rapeseed? An analysis of the latest planting key points
Rapeseed, also known as oilseed rape (Brassica napus), is an oil crop of the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae) and is currently one of the main oil crops. In the south, rapeseed is sown in autumn and grown through the winter, and it must undergo vernalization at low temperatures to flower and set seed, so the north is more suitable for planting than the south. The specific basic environmental requirements will be explained one by one for everyone right away.
1. Light
Rapeseed is a short-day plant and is not strict about light; generally, the light available in winter planting can meet the light conditions for growth. However, adjusting different light at each specific stage may be more favorable for growth, but since it is generally planted in the open field, possibly only the sowing date can be adjusted to regulate this.
2. Temperature
Rapeseed is very sensitive to temperature. Generally, sowing can germinate once the temperature is about above 15, then the seedling stage can grow at almost any temperature, and for the plant to complete growth the temperature must be above 10 degrees. After entering winter, the low winter temperatures can help complete vernalization, and sub-zero temperatures are required. In a warm winter, flower bud differentiation may be poor, resulting in few pods and empty shells.
3. Fertilizer and water
Rapeseed likes fertilizer and is tolerant, so more fertilizer can be applied; moreover, the root system has a strong ability to absorb fertilizer, so more fertilizer can be applied. Before winter, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and trace elements, calcium and boron fertilizer are applied, so as to ensure good leaf growth. After the beginning of spring, mainly potassium fertilizer is applied to strengthen the stalks and prevent lodging, boron fertilizer promotes flowering, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied sparingly. Before winter, plow the land 40 cm deep and deeply bury the base fertilizer, so less fertilizer can be applied in winter. After the base fertilizer is covered with soil, water it to aid absorption. Before winter, irrigate multiple times after the seedlings recover, maintaining 50% water content; do not irrigate in winter, and do not irrigate during flowering.
4. Soil
Rapeseed has a main root and a taproot system; the root system grows downward in a relatively developed way, is widely distributed and has many branches, so it needs relatively deep, loose, breathable soil and must not be compacted. Compaction leads to poor respiration, root hypoxia, and is unfavorable for growth. It requires fields that retain fertilizer and water and do not accumulate water for planting.
Rapeseed growth has relatively strict requirements for soil and temperature because it is affected by its unique growth characteristics. It is not strict about light, fertilizer and water because it has strong adaptability, and even if these are not satisfied, the impact is not great. But in production, a better planting environment must be provided for a high yield.