The Latest Large Cherry Planting Techniques and Methods Tutorial
Cherry, also known as wedge-thorn peach, oriole peach, chelizi, etc., is a general term for certain plants of the genus Prunus, including the cherry subgenus, sour cherry subgenus, laurel cherry subgenus, and others. The fruit can be eaten as a fruit; its exterior is bright and beautiful in color, crystalline and lovely, red as agate, yellow as congealed fat, and the fruit is rich in sugar, protein, vitamins, and various elements such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, and potassium.
Cherry Planting Conditions
Cherry likes warmth and light, and adapts to the warm-temperate East Asian monsoon-type continental semi-humid climate (moderate annual temperature, abundant rainfall, long frost-free period, early final frost, average annual temperature of about 12°C, rainfall of more than 700 mm, frost-free period of about 250 days). Cherry grows on sunny mountain slopes or beside gullies, and is suitable for cultivation and planting at an altitude of 300-600 m and at about 33-39° north latitude. Large cherry avoids wind and freezing, and is suitable for cultivation in areas with an average annual temperature above 10-13°C, where early spring temperature changes are not drastic, summers are cool and dry, rainfall is moderate, and light is abundant.
1. Afraid of drought
The root system of large cherry is very shallow, distributed only in the 5-30 cm soil layer; the main root is not well developed, and it mainly develops from lateral roots toward the oblique side. Although the root system is shallow, the leaves are relatively large and continuously transpire water. If water is not replenished in time, the leaves will wilt, so there is also the saying that cherry never leaves water. When establishing an orchard, it must be built in a place with irrigation water before a cherry orchard can be established.
2. Afraid of water
Cherry trees are afraid of standing water; soaking for one day will ruin the tree. It turns out that they are both afraid of drought and afraid of waterlogging. If the water content in the soil exceeds 25%, the root system of large cherry will suffocate, root rot and gummosis will occur, and it may even lead to tree death. From this point we know that when choosing a cherry orchard, we must not choose low-lying waterlogged land.
3. Large cherry is afraid of wind, and this also starts with the characteristics of the root system. Large cherry has shallow roots, few main roots, and many lateral roots, and can be broken by strong winds. This means that when establishing an orchard, one must also analyze whether the wind in the area is strong and whether it will blow the large cherry trees down.
4. Afraid of stickiness
Large cherry trees also have relatively strict requirements for soil. They like granular loam, sandy loam, loam, and light-textured soil with deep soil layers, loose texture, and relatively high fertility, and do not like clayey soil. In clayey soil, root development is poor.
5. Afraid of salt and alkali
Large cherry trees are relatively sensitive to saline-alkali land. If the salt content in the soil exceeds 0.1%, large cherry trees are prone to yellow-leaf disease, and comprehensive nutrient deficiency symptoms such as boron deficiency, iron deficiency, and calcium deficiency may also appear. Using Dizhongbao trace element fertilizer will fundamentally solve this problem; irrigate 50 g of Dizhongbao per tree (mixed with 30 jin of water). If the deficiency is severe, spray 3-4 rounds of 300-fold Dizhongbao solution.
In addition to the above points, large cherry also has certain requirements for climate. It is suitable for planting in areas with an average annual temperature of 7-14°C, where the number of days with an average daily temperature above 10°C in a year is between 150-200 days, and the lowest winter temperature cannot be lower than minus 20°C.
Large cherry trees have very high nutrient requirements. When the organic matter content in the soil reaches more than 12%, they enter the fruiting stage in three years and reach the high-yield stage in four years, with a yield per mu of more than 2,000 kg (2 tons). When the organic matter content in the land is less than 1%, the fruit is small, the taste is poor, and the yield is low.
Cherry Orchard Establishment Requirements
Convenient transportation and a water source, climate and soil are key, the back mountain slope is safest, with low temperature, late flowering, frost damage prevention, and complete fruit set.
Choosing a good orchard site is only the first step in planting large cherry. Next, good superior large cherry varieties must be selected. The principles are: good taste is the first criterion, good color is very important, large size and high firmness, storage and transport tolerance and a good price. These are the overall requirements for large cherry varieties.
“Hongdeng” is a large cherry variety bred by hybridization in 1963 by the Dalian Municipal Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Because it has advantages such as early maturity, large size, and bright color, it has become one of the fastest-growing varieties across the country.
“Napoleon”, also known as yellow cherry, yellow foreign cherry. It is an ancient variety native to Europe. Around 1880, it was introduced into our country from Incheon, Korea. At present, it is the main cultivar in Yantai, Dalian, and other places in our country.
“Van” was bred in British Columbia, Canada. In 1983, the Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced it from the United States. Its maturity period is in mid-to-late June.
“Italian Early Red”: was introduced in 1989 from Italy by the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The fruit is deep red, bright, with a relatively short stalk, and the single fruit weight is similar to Hongdeng. It is also an excellent early-maturing variety.