What kind of environment does winter jujube cultivation require? A full analysis of the latest conditions
Winter jujube is a fruit belonging to the Rhamnaceae family. It generally ripens in October during winter, which is why it is called winter jujube. It contains extremely rich vitamin C, the most abundant among all fruits, even the vitamin C fruit hawthorn cannot compare. Although it ripens in winter, it is extremely sensitive to the environment required for its growth. So what exactly are the requirements of winter jujube for the surrounding cultivation environment? Let's take a look below!
1. Temperature
Temperature is one of the important factors for the normal growth and development of all crops, and winter jujube is no exception. The temperature factor directly affects the distribution of winter jujube. It is a temperature-loving fruit. Although it ripens in winter, it is sown in spring, and relatively high temperatures are also required during its growth process. It sprouts relatively late and sheds its leaves very early. After spring sowing, when the temperature rises back to about 14 degrees, the seeds will begin to germinate, and at 17 degrees they begin to produce branches and differentiate buds. At around 20 degrees, flower buds begin to appear, and at 25 degrees they enter the full bloom period. It has a very strong ability to adapt to temperature, can safely overwinter at minus 30 degrees in winter, and can also withstand high temperatures of 45 degrees for normal growth.
2. Humidity
Winter jujube is relatively resistant to waterlogging and drought, and can grow and develop normally in areas with relatively high annual precipitation. Even if the orchard is waterlogged for 0.5-1 month, it will not die from waterlogging. However, winter jujube still has certain humidity requirements at different growth stages. During the flowering, pollination and fertilization stage, the water demand is relatively large, and the relative humidity requirement is about 75%. If the humidity at this stage is lower than 40, it will affect pollen germination, pollination and fertilization, leading to flower and fruit drop and a decline in yield. On the other hand, if continuous rainy weather occurs during the flowering period, it will also cause pollen to fail to germinate and to absorb water and rupture, affecting the fruit-setting rate. Soil moisture will directly affect the nutritional balance within the tree.
3. Light
Jujube trees rely on photosynthesis to maintain their own growth and development, and light energy is the root of the growth of the entire winter jujube tree. Its light-loving nature is very strong, and the intensity of photosynthesis is directly proportional to the light received by the tree body and the length of sunshine. Reasonable light duration will promote cell differentiation, control cell division, and is greatly beneficial to nutrient accumulation and growth of the tree body. The fruit-setting rate is also directly proportional to the length of light duration. Insufficient light will not only lead to a lower fruit-setting rate, but also affect the development of the tree roots. Poor root development will make it impossible to supply the water and nutrients needed by the tree body in time.
4. Soil
Soil is an important medium for supplying the nutrients and water needed by jujube trees. The fertility, permeability, pH and other aspects of the soil will all have a direct impact on the development of jujube trees. Although winter jujube is not strict about soil requirements, it can also grow in saline-alkali poor and barren soils. However, in more fertile soil, winter jujube trees grow tall, have deep and extensive roots, a robust tree body, and high and stable yields. If the soil is too barren, with a lot of clay, poor water and fertilizer retention, and extremely poor soil permeability, it will lead to poor development of jujube trees, dry and small fruits, and a decline in yield.
Although winter jujube ripens in winter, this does not mean that its environment can be arbitrary and still achieve high yields, because from sowing to maturity, winter jujube needs nearly a year. Therefore, sowing is carried out in spring, and correspondingly the surrounding environment will also have certain requirements. It is necessary to ensure the environment and nutrients required by winter jujube, so as to achieve the goal of high yield.