How to Grow and Manage Summer Black Grapes? Latest Technical Method Tutorial
Summer Black grape is a variety of grape derived from Kyoho grape, but it ripens earlier than Kyoho grape, tastes better, and has no seeds and high sugar content, so it is deeply loved by people. As its market demand increases, many growers have seen its returns, and there is currently a certain planting area in our country. So how should Summer Black grapes be planted? Let's take a look together.
1. Orchard Establishment and Field Planting
The Summer Black grape orchard should choose flat and open terrain, ensure a good drainage system, and select soil rich in organic matter, fertile and loose, with good permeability. Before planting, the soil should be deeply plowed, planting pits should be dug at a row spacing of 3 m, and decomposed farmyard manure should be applied in the pits as base fertilizer, generally 4000 kg per mu, with an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer added. After fertilizing, cover with soil and irrigate, allowing the soil to settle naturally. After the water dries, fill the pits level. Select high-quality seedlings for cultivation. The planting depth should be the same as the depth of the seedlings in the nursery; too deep or too shallow is unfavorable for their growth.
2. Training and Pruning
After planting, trellises should be set up in time to guide the vines, and summer pruning should also be done well. Summer pruning includes bud removal, shoot thinning, pinching, tendril removal, and vine tying. Bud removal is generally carried out after inflorescences appear, generally leaving 2-3 buds per branch, removing deformed buds and weak buds, and selecting and keeping normal vigorous buds; shoot thinning is carried out before flowering, keeping one moderately growing new shoot every 20 cm, and promptly removing thin, weak, overly dense, and improperly positioned new shoots; pinching is carried out before flowering, and attention should be paid to the position when pinching, generally choosing large leaves for pinching; timely removal of tendrils can save nutrients and is beneficial to fruit growth. When new shoots grow to 50 cm, tie the vines in time to avoid breakage. In addition, winter pruning should also be carried out, generally continuing half a month after leaf fall, mostly using short-spur pruning. Fruiting branches are generally cut back leaving 2-3 buds, and all the rest are removed. At the same time, diseased and dead branches, weak branches, and overly dense branches should also be pruned.
3. Flower and Fruit Management
Summer Black grapes grow vigorously and have good flower bud differentiation. Most new shoots have more than 2 inflorescences, but in order to save nutrients and improve fruit quality, flower thinning is needed. Generally, only 1-2 inflorescences are kept per new shoot, and the rest should be removed in time. At the same time, inflorescences that are too small, poorly developed, or damaged by pests and diseases should be removed. Also, in order to improve the fruit-setting rate, fruit preservation measures should be taken in time. Generally, 4-10 days after flowering, gibberellin is sprayed, and after fruit set, thinning should be carried out in time. When the size of the berries becomes distinct, fruit thinning should be carried out in time, removing too-small berries, too-large berries, deformed berries, densely clustered berries, pest- and disease-damaged berries, and poorly developed berries, to save nutrients and promote berry growth.
4. Fertilizer and Water Management
Summer Black grape is a variety with a relatively large fertilizer requirement. In order to ensure a high yield every year, attention should be paid to the use of organic fertilizer when fertilizing, so as to improve fruit quality and obtain relatively high economic returns. Annual fertilization consists of base fertilizer, bud-promoting fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-swelling fertilizer, color-turning fertilizer, and post-harvest fertilizer. During the entire growth period of Summer Black grapes, generally one heavy watering before germination and one after the soil freezes is enough. At other times, attention should be paid to the amount of watering, especially during the flowering and fruiting period, where watering should be controlled to avoid reducing fruit quality.
The above is an introduction to the cultivation and management techniques of Summer Black grapes. I hope it can help you. If you want to learn more related knowledge, please follow us.