How to cultivate and manage peach trees for high yield? Latest technical method tutorial
Peach is a small tree fruit species with diverse varieties; tree form varies by variety, with some tall and some short, and the varieties mainly cultivated now are short types that are easy to manage. To achieve high yield when growing peaches, from tree form to nutrition, flowering and fruiting, intertillage and weeding, and pruning are all part of cultivation and management, as is planting management; all detailed adjustments are part of management, and the goal is only one: high quality and high yield.
I. Planting time
The planting period should be decided according to the characteristics of the peach tree and the local climate and environmental conditions. Generally, in areas south of the Yangtze River basin, planting is done in spring, because winter is cold; in areas such as Yunnan, planting can be done in autumn. But generally speaking, both spring and autumn are suitable for planting. Specifically, plant on cloudy days without rain, not on sunny days. It is roughly from March to early April, and from October to mid-November.
II. Reasonable planting
Planting density affects photosynthesis and affects growing space. Planting should generally be sparse rather than dense; plain areas are planted more densely than hilly areas, but planting density is also affected by climate and environmental conditions. In plain areas, about more than 100 plants are planted per mu; in hilly areas, about more than 60 plants are planted per mu. Hillside planting should be sparse, and greenhouse planting should be sparse.
III. Fertilization and irrigation
Peach is drought-tolerant, but water supply should be ensured as much as possible. Watering fruit trees is very good, about once a month, just enough to keep the leaves expanding. Water more half a month before the flowering period to ensure flower bud differentiation, but water less during the flowering period, and water when dry. After fruiting, water once every 10 days to maintain 65% water content. Water less when the fruit is ripe to avoid fruit rot. Apply base fertilizer in September, mainly farmyard manure, together with chemical fertilizer. Young trees are mainly given nitrogen fertilizer, fruiting trees are mainly given nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and fruiting trees are mainly given phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
IV. Orchard management
During the flowering period, artificial pollination is needed, or bees are released to help pollination and fertilization. After the fruit set is stable, spray fungicide and then bag the fruit to protect it. In summer, prune, thin shoots, renew fruiting branch groups, improve ventilation and light penetration, and concentrate nutrients. In winter, prune diseased and pest-infested branches, dead branches and diseased fruit, clean the orchard, and renew and rejuvenate aging trees. Weed at any time, and carry out intertillage in summer to inhibit vegetative growth.
When growing peaches and establishing an orchard, the main long-term task is to manage and maintain the orchard. Management is divided into three stages: young trees, mature trees, and fruiting trees. The management priorities differ, but the ultimate goal is all for fruiting.